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ABBASID CALIPHATE (AD 750-945) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Formed by changing the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasids in the Arab Caliphate on the territory. modern Iraq. The capital is Baghdad. Conquered by the Buyid State
Алжир Андорра Афганистан Бахрейн Гибралтар Грузия Египет Израиль Индия Иордания Ирак Иран Испания Йемен Казахстан Катар Киргизстан Кипр Кувейт Ливан Ливия Марокко ОАЕ Оман Пакистан Португалия Россия, (ЮФО), Саудовская Аравия Сирия Таджикистан Тунис Туркменистан Турция Узбекистан Франция
ABKHAZ KINGDOM (786-1008 AD) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. Became part of the Georgian kingdom. Capital - Anakopia (New Athos), from 806 - Kutaisi
Грузия
ABKHAZ PRINCIPALITY (AD 1462–1555) State, feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the Georgian kingdom. The capital is Sukhum. Fell into vassalage from the Ottoman Empire
Грузия
ABKHAZ PRINCIPALITY (osm.) (AD 1555–1810) State, feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the Abkhaz principality falling into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Sukhum. Became part of the Russian Empire
Грузия
ABKHAZIA (AD 1994–) Self-proclaimed, partially recognized state, republic (Republic of Abkhazia). Formed on parts of the territory. modern Georgia as a result of secession from Georgia. After the Russian-Georgian war in 2008, Russia recognized the independence of Abkhazia. Capital - Sukhum
Грузия
ACEH (AD 1496–1903) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of secession from the principality of Pasai. It became part of the Dutch East Indies. Capital: Banda Aceh
Indonesia
ACHEAAN PRINCIPALITY (AD 1205–1432) State, feudal, monarchical (until 1224 vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica). Originated on the territory modern Greece. It was formed by the crusaders as a result of the 4th crusade on part of the territory of the former Byzantine Empire, separated from the Kingdom of Thessaloniki. Capitals - Andravida (1205-1249), Mistra (1249-1262). Conquered by the Byzantine Empire
Греция
ACHEAAN UNION (280-146 BC) Federation of ancient Greek cities (polises). Formed on the territory modern Greece as a result of separation from Macedonia (Ancient). Disbanded, became part of the Roman Republic
Греция
ADAL (AD 1415-1577) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Adal). Formed on the territory. modern Somalia on the Harar plateau as a result of the Yifat Sultanate. Broken up. Capital - Saila
Сомали
ADEN (Port.) (AD 1516–1538},{1547–1548) Possession of Portugal. (Arose in the territory of Yemen as a result of the conquest Aden by Portugal. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire},{Conquered by Portugal. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire). Capital — Aden
Йемен
ADEN (UK) (AD 1839–1963) Possession of the United Kingdom (until 1937 — was part of British India, 1937 — crown colony). Formed on the territory of Yemen as a result of exclusion from the UK territory of Aden Lahej. Capital — Aden. Joined the Federation of South Arabia (UK)
Йемен
ADJURAN (AD 1250-1700) State, monarchy (Imamat Ajuran). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia as successor to the Sultanate of Mogadishu. It became part of the state of Geledi. Capital - Calaf
Сомали
ADRAR (AD 1740-1903) State, emirate. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a traditional confederation of semi-nomadic peoples. Entered into Mauritania (Fr.)
Мавритания Сахарская Арабская Демократическая Республика
AFGHANISTAN (AD 1823–) State (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan; until 1926 - Emirate of Afghanistan, 1926-1973 - Kingdom of Afghanistan; 1973–2021 — Islamic Republic of Afghanistan). In 1879-1919 - British protectorate. Formed on the territory of Afghanistan as a result of conversion of the Durrani Empire in the Emirate of Afghanistan
Афганистан
AHI (AD 1292-1398) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of secession from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate
Турция
AHMADNAGAR SULTANATE (AD 1490–1636) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Bahmani Sultanate. Capital - Ahmadnagar. Conquered by the Mughal Emperor
Индия
AIDIN (AD 1300–1390}, {1402–1425) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capital - Birgi, then Aydin, Smyrna
Турция
AKSUM (AD 100–940) State slave, monarchic (Himyarite Kingdom of Aksum). Arose in the territory of Ethiopia. Disintegrated. Capital — Aksum
Йемен Южный Судан Судан Эфиопия Джибути Эритрея
ALANYA (AD 900–1240) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Russia. Educated by the Alans. The capital is Meuse. Conquered by the Mongols and incorporated into the Golden Horde
Россия, (ЮФО),
ALASIA (1900–1300 BC) State, slaveholding. It originated during the Minoan civilization on the territory. modern Cyprus. Conquered by the Hittites
Кипр
ALBANIA (AD 1912–1914},{1920–1939},{1944–) capitalist state Republic of Albania; in 1912-1914 - the State of Albania, in 1928-1939 - the Kingdom of Albania, in 1946-1976 - the People's Republic of Albania, in 1976-1991 - the People's Socialist Republic of Albania). (It was formed on the territory of modern Albania as a result of separation from the Ottoman Empire. Occupied by Italy, Austria-Hungary and France}, {Independence was again proclaimed. Occupied by Italy and transformed into Albania (It.), occupied by Germany since 1943}, {Freed from occupation.) Capital - Tirana
Албания
ALBANIA (it.) (AD 1939–1943) Colony (protectorate) of Italy. Educated on the territory modern Albania as a result of the Italian occupation of Albania. Occupied by Germany. Capital - Tirana
Албания Македония Сербия Черногория
ALBARRASI EMIRATE (AD 1012-1104) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Albarracin. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Испания
ALEPPO (fr.) (AD 1920–1925) Mandate territory of the League of Nations administered by France (State of Aleppo). Formed on the territory of Syria (zone of British-French occupation). The capital is Aleppo. United with Damascus (FR.), forming a mandated territory of the League of Nations under the control of France Syria (FR.)
Турция Сирия
ALEXANDRETTE (fr.) (AD 1924–1938) French-administered League of Nations mandate (Alexandrette Sanjak). Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Separated from Aleppo (fr.). The capital is Antioch. Transformed into the independent state of Hatay
Турция
ALGERIA (AD 1962–) State, capitalist (People's Democratic Republic of Algiers). Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of the declaration of independence from France by Algeria (fr.). Capital - Algeria
Алжир
ALGERIA (fr.) (AD 1830–1962) Unification of French departments (Algiers, Constantine, Oran). Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of the conquest of Algeria (osm.), In 1848 it was included in France. In 1962, the independent Republic of Algeria was proclaimed
Алжир
ALGIR (Osm.) (AD 1711–1848) State, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Algiers. Conquered by France - Algiers (fr.)
Алжир
ALMERIAN EMIRATE (AD 1012-1091) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Almeria. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Испания
ALPUENTSKY EMIRATE (AD 1012-1103) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Alpuente. Conquered by the Almoravid
Испания
AMATUS (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient). The legendary founder of the city is Kinyros, the father of Adonis and the founder of the cult of Aphrodite on the island, who named the city in honor of his late mother Amathus (Amatea)
Кипр
AMERICAN OCCUPATION ZONE OF GERMANY (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of German territory occupied by the United States as a result of Germany's defeat in World War II. The Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed on the territory of the British, French and American zones of occupation. The headquarters of the occupation troops is Frankfurt.
Германия
AMERICAN SAMOA (AD 1900–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). Formed on the territory. modern American Samoa as a result of the annexation of the United States. Capital - Pago Pago
Американское Самоа
AMERICAN SECTOR OF THE OCCUPATION OF BERLIN (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of the territory of Berlin occupied by the United States as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. On the territory of the British, French and American sectors of occupation, a special political entity was created - West Berlin
Германия
AMERICAN ZONE OF THE OCCUPATION OF KOREA (AD 1945-1949) Formed on the territory of modern Republic of Korea. Part of Korean territory occupied by the United States as a result of Japan's defeat in World War II. The Republic of Korea was proclaimed on the territory of the zone. The headquarters of the occupation forces is Seoul.
Republic Of Korea
AMIS (630–183 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus.
Турция
AMMON (1350–732 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. It was located on the territory. modern Jordan. Educated by the Ammonites. The capital is Rabbat-Ammon. Conquered by Assyria
Иордания
ANDORRA (AD 1278–) State, capitalist (Principality of Andorra). Formed on the territory modern Andorra as a result of secession from France. The capital is Andorra la Vella
Андорра
ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN (AD 1899-1956) Joint possession of Great Britain and Egypt, condominium. Formed on the territory of modern Sudan as a result of the suppression of the Mahdist uprising in Egyptian Sudan (formally part of the Ottoman Empire) and its occupation by British-Egyptian troops. The independence of Sudan is proclaimed. Capital - Khartoum">
Судан Южный Судан
ANGOLA (AD 1975–) Capitalist state (Republic of Angola). Formed on the territory of modern Angola as a result of the declaration of independence of the possession of Angola (Port.). Capital - Luanda
Ангола
ANGOLA (Port.) (AD 1575-1975) Possession of Portugal, until 1951 the name Portuguese West Africa was also used. Formed on the territory of modern Angola as a result of the conquest by Portugal of the territories of the states of the Kingdom of the Congo, Ndongo, Lunda. The independence of Angola is proclaimed. Capital - Luanda
Ангола
ANGUILLA (Brit.) (AD 1980–) British possession, self-governing territory. Formed on the territory of modern Anguilla (Brit.) as a result of the withdrawal from the colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (Brit.). Capital - Valley
Ангилья (Брит.)
ANHALT (AD 1863–1871) State, monarchical (Duchy of Anhalt). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the duchies of Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Dessau. In 1863–1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867–1871 he was a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Dessau
Германия
ANHALT-BERNBURG (AD 1806–1863) State, monarchical (Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1803 as a result of the transformation of the Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1863 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of the united Duchy of Anhalt. Capital - Bernburg
Германия
ANHALT-DESSAU (AD 1806-1863) State, monarchical (Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau, until 1807 - Principality of Anhalt-Dessau). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1863 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of the united Duchy of Anhalt. Capital - Dessau
Германия
ANHALT-KÖTHEN (AD 1806-1847) State, monarchical (Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen, until 1807 - Principality of Anhalt-Dessau). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Principality of Anhalt-Köthen. In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1847 - a member of the German Confederation. It became part of the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. Capital - Köthen
Германия
ANKOLE (AD 1478-1896) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Ankole). Formed on the territory of modern Ugandan Bantu peoples. After the establishment of the British protectorate, it became part of Uganda (Britain). Capital - Mbarara
Уганда
ANNAM (Fr.) (AD 1884-1887) Possession of France, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of France's establishment of a protectorate over the Vietnamese Nguyen dynasty. It became part of French Indochina. Capital - Hue
Вьетнам
ANTIGUA (Brit.) (AD 1632-1671) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda as a result of the British conquest of Antigua. It became part of the British Leeward Islands colony. Capital - Saint Johns
Антигуа и Барбуда Монтсеррат (Брит.)
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (AD 1981–) State capitalistic. Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda. as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Antigua and Barbuda (Brit.). Capital - Saint Johns
Антигуа и Барбуда
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (Brit.) (AD 1962-1981) Possession of Great Britain (since 1967 - a state associated with Great Britain). Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.), which included the islands of Antigua and Barbuda. The independent state of Antigua and Barbuda is proclaimed. Capital - Saint Johns
Антигуа и Барбуда
ANTIGUA, BARBUDA AND MONTSERRAT (Brit.) (AD 1816-1833) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat (Brit.) as a result of the partition of the British Leeward Islands colony. Entered into the restored British Leeward Isles. Capital - Saint Johns
Антигуа и Барбуда Монтсеррат (Брит.)
APOLLONIA OF ILLYRIAN (588–148 BC) City-state, slaveholding, oligarchic republic, Greek colony. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Albania. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Албания
APOLLONIA PONTIAN (610–71 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical, Greek colony. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Bulgaria. conquered by the Roman Republic. Currently - the city of Sozopol
Болгария
APULIA AND CALABRIA (AD 1042–1130) State, feudal, monarchical (Duchy of Apulia and Calabria). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. The capital is Salerno. As a result of the unification of the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria and the County of Sicily, the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily was formed
Италия
ARAB CALIFATE (AD 632-750) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Saudi Arabia. Formed by Muhammad through the unification of Arab tribes. The capital is Damascus (since 661). Transformed into the Abbasid Caliphate by changing the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasids
Азербайджан Армения Алжир Андорра Афганистан Бахрейн Гибралтар Греция Грузия Египет Израиль Индия Иордания Ирак Иран Испания Йемен Казахстан Кипр Киргизстан Ливан Ливия Марокко ОАЕ Оман Пакистан Португалия Россия, (ЮФО), Саудовская Аравия Сирия Таджикистан Тунис Туркменистан Турция Узбекистан Франция
ARAGON (AD 1035–1516) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Aragon). Originated on the territory modern Spain, as a result of separation from the Kingdom of Navarre, united with Castile and Leon, forming Spain. The capital is Zaragoza.
Испания Италия Монако Франция
ARAM (1100–732 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Syria. Created by the Arameans. The capital is Damascus. Conquered by Assyria
Острова Мидуэй (США)
Archbishopric of Riga (AD 1201–1561) A feudal, theocratic state subordinate to the Pope of Rome (until 1255 it was the Bishopric of Riga, from 1207 it was part of the Principality of Terra Mariana, from 1435 it was part of the Livonian Confederation (part of the Holy Roman Empire)). Educated on the territory modern Latvia as a result of the renaming of the Livonian bishopric. The capital is Riga. Conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Латвия
ARCHDUchy OF AUSTRIA (AD 1156–1251}, {1278–1526) State, feudal, monarchical (until 1453 - Duchy of Austria). (It originated on the territory of modern Austria as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Conquered by the Czech Republic}, {Restored independence. Became part of the Habsburg Empire (as an integral part of the Habsburg Empire, the Austrian Empire and Austria -Hungary existed until 1918. The capital is Vienna.
Австрия Италия Словакия Словения Хорватия
ARENBERG (AD 1806–1810) State, monarchical (Duchy of Arenberg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1645 as a result of the transformation of the Principality of Arenberg). Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Annexed to France (in 1814 divided between Hanover and Prussia). Capital - Aremberg
Германия
ARGENTINA (AD 1861–) State, capitalistic, republic (Argentine Republic). Formed on the territory of modern Argentina as a result of the renaming of the Argentine Confederation to Argentina. Capital - Buenos Aires
Аргентины
ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION (AD 1831-1861) State. It was formed as a result of renaming the United Provinces of South America into the Argentine Confederation. Capital - Buenos Aires (1831-1853), Parana (1853-1861)
Аргентины
ARGOS (1100–338 BC},{280–229 BC},{147–146 BC) City-state. (It originated on the territory of modern Greece after the capture of the Peloponnese by the Dorians. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Achaean Union}, {Left the Achaean Union. Became part of the Roman Republic )
Греция
ARIANITI (AD 1432–1444) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Arianiti). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from Muzaki. Became part of the Lega League. Capital - Berat
Албания
ARMENIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Armenia). Originated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Yerevan
Армения
ARUBA (Dutch) (AD 1986–) Possession of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of modern Aruba (Dutch) as a result of the withdrawal from the Netherlands Antilles. Capital - Oranjestad
Аруба (Нид.)
ARVAD (1500–564 BC) Phoenician slave city-state. Was on the territory. modern Syria. Created by the Phoenicians. Conquered by Babylonia
Сирия
ASCHAFENBURG (AD 1806–1810) State, monarchical (Principality of Aschaffenburg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire. Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. It became part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. The capital is Aschaffenburg.
Германия
ASHANTI (AD 1701-1902) State, early feudal, absolute monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Ghana as a military alliance of the Ashanti people. Conquered by Great Britain, became a part of the Gold Coast colony (British). Capital - Kumasi
Гана Кот-д’Ивуар
ASIR (AD 1910–1934) State, feudal, theocratic, Muslim (Emirate of Asir). Charged on the territory. modern Saudi Arabia as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Es Sabya. Divided between Saudi Arabia and Yemen
Йемен Саудовская Аравия
ASSHUR (1970–1758 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Born on the territory modern Iraq. conquered by Babylon. Since 1400 BC - the capital of Assyria
Ирак
ASSYRIA (1400–605 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iraq. Separated from Mitanni. The capital is Ashur. Destroyed by a coalition of Babylonia and Media
Израиль Иордания Ирак Иран Кипр Ливан Сирия Турция
ASTI (AD 1140–1372) State, feudal, monarchical. (County of Asti). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Asti. Became part of France
Италия
ASTRAKHAN KHANATE (AD 1460–1556) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia in the process of disintegration of the Golden Horde into a number of independent states. Attached to the Russian kingdom. The capital is Hadji Tarkhan.
Россия, (ЮФО)
ASTURIA (AD 718–924) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Asturias). Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of secession from the Arab Caliphate. The capital is Oviedo. Renamed Kingdom of Leon
Испания Португалия
ATABEKSTVO AZERBAIJAN (AD 1145–1225) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of separation from the Seljuk state. Conquered by the State of Khorezmshahs. The capitals are Nakhichevan, Tabriz, Ardabil and Hamadan.
Азербайджан Армения Иран
ATHENS (1050-338 BC}, {280-146 BC) State, slave-owning, aristocratic republic (from 477 BC after the creation of the 1st Athenian Sea Soz, it actually turned into a state). (It originated on the territory of modern Greece after the capture of the Peloponnese by the Dorians. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Roman Republic)
Греция Кипр
ATROPATENA (328 BC - AD 224) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of separation from the Empire of Alexander the Great. Capitals - Ganzak, Shiz. Became part of the Persian Sassanid Empire
Азербайджан Иран
ÂU LẠC (258–207 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchy. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a result of the conquest of the Văn Lang state by the Auviet mountain tribes. Conquered by the state of Nanyue. Capital - Cổ Loa
Вьетнам
AUSTRALIA (AD 1901–) Capitalist State (Commonwealth of Australia). Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of the unification of the British colonies and the creation of a dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia independent of Great Britain. Capital - Canberra
Австралия
AUSTRIA (AD 1918–1938},{1945–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Austria). (It originated on the territory of modern Austria as a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary. Attached to Germany (Anschluss), {Liberated by the Soviet troops and independence restored). Capital - Vienna
Австрия Италия
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (AD 1867–1918) State, monarchical (Austro-Hungarian Empire). Originated on the territory modern Austria as a result of the renaming of the Austrian Empire. The capital is Vienna. Disintegrated (Several new states arose on the territory of the former empire - Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Republic of Austria, Hungary; the remaining regions became part of Romania, Yugoslavia and Italy.)
Австрия Албания Босния и Герцеговина Венгрия Италия Польша Россия
Россия (СЗФО) Румыния Сербия Словакия Словения Украина Хорватия Черногория Чехия
AUSTRIAN EMPIRE (AD 1804–1867) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Austria as a result of the renaming of the Habsburg Empire. The capital is Vienna. Changed to Austria-Hungary.
Австрия Венгрия Германия Италия Польша Румыния Сербия Словакия Словения Украина Хорватия Черногория Чехия
AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS (AD 1713–1794) State, monarchical. possession of the Austrian Empire. Formed on the territory modern Belgium as a result of the transfer of power in the Spanish Netherlands to the Austrian Habsburgs. The capital is Brussels. Annexed to France
Бельгия Германия Люксембург Нидерланды
AVA (AD 1365-1555) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar by the fugitive rulers of the state of Sikain. It became part of the kingdom of Taungoo. Capital - Ava
Myanmar
AVAR KAGANATE (AD 562–623}, {658–796) State, feudal. (It originated on the territory of modern Hungary as a result of the settlement of part of the territory of the Byzantine Empire by the nomadic tribes of the Avars}, {Conquered by the Principality of Samo. Restored as a result of the victory of the Avars over the Principality of Samo. Destroyed by the Frankish State)
Австрия Босния и Герцеговина Венгрия Румыния Сербия Словакия Словения Украина Хорватия Чехия
AVAR KHANATE (AD 1100–1240) State, feudal theocratic, Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Russia. Educated by the Avars. Conquered by the Mongols and incorporated into the Golden Horde. The capital is Khunzakh.
Россия Россия (ЮФО)
AWSAN (750–650 BC) State, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Yemen. Сonquered by Saba. Capital — Aden
Йемен
AYUTTHAYA (AD 1351–1767) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Ayutthaya). Formed on the territory modern Thailand as a result of secession from Cambujadesh. Destroyed by the kingdom of Thonburi. The capital is Ayutthaya
Laos Мьянма Таиланд
AYYUBID STATE (AD 1171–1250) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Egypt as a result of a coup d'état in the Fatimid Caliphate. The capital is Cairo. As a result of the coup d'état, it was transformed into the Mamluk State.
Алжир
Египет Израиль Иордания Ирак Иран Йемен Ливан Ливия Саудовская Аравия Сирия Турция
AZERBAIJAN (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Azerbaijan). Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Baku
Азербайджан
AZERBAIJAN SSR (AD 1920–1922, March) State, socialist (Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic). Educated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The capital is Baku. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR
Азербайджан
AZERBAIJANIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AD 1918–1920) Capitalist state. Educated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. The capital is Baku. After the entry of Soviet troops and the proclamation of Soviet power, it was transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR
Азербайджан
AZTEC EMPIRE (AD 1325-1522) State, slave, monarchical. It was born on the territory of Mexico, through the merger of the Aztec tribes. The capital - Tenochtitlan. It conquered Spain in 1521, became part of New Spain.
Мексика

B

Историческая справка

Страна
BABYLONIA (1894–729 BC}, {626–538 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Iraq. (Formed as a result of separation from the state of Isin. Capital - Babylon. Conquered by Assyria}, {separated from Assyria. Included in the Persian Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus II). Most prominent rulers: Hammurabi [1792–1750 BC]; Nebuchadnezzar II[604–562 BC]
Бахрейн Египет Израиль Иордания Ирак Иран Кувейт Ливан Саудовская Аравия Сирия Турция
BACK (600–218 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Италия
BADAHOS EMIRATE (AD 1022-1094) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Badajoz. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Испания Португалия
BADEN (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy of Baden). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Electorate of Baden. In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Karlsruhe
Германия
BAEKJE (18 BC–AD 660) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Republic of Korea as a result of the unification of tribal unions. Conquered by the State of Silla. Capitals - Palson
Republic Of Korea
BAGHDAD CALIPHATE (AD 1157–1258) State, feudal theocratic Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Iraq as a result of the collapse of the Seljuk state and the restoration of the rule of the Abbasid dynasty. The capital is Baghdad. Conquered by the Hulaguid State
Ирак Иран
BAGIRMI (AD 1522-1900) State, feudal, sultanate. Born on the territory of modern Chad as a state of the people bilala. It became part of Chad (Fr.). Capital - Masenya
Chad Камерун
BAHMANI SULTANATE (AD 1347–1527) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Capitals - Gulbarga (1347–1425), Bidar (1425–1527). Split into Deccan sultanates
Индия
BAHRAIN (AD 1783–1820}, {1971–) State, monarchical (since 2002 - the Kingdom of Bahrain). (It originated on the territory of modern Bahrain as a result of separation from Persia. In 1801–1813 - a vassal of the Diri emirate. Capital is Manama
Бахрейн
BAHRAIN (Brit.) (AD 1820–1971) Monarchic state under British protectorate. Charged on the territory. modern Bahrain as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over Bahrain. The capital is Manama. On August 15, 1971, the independent Emirate of Bahrain was proclaimed
Бахрейн
BAHRAIN (port.) (AD 1521–1602) Possession of Portugal. Educated on the territory modern Bahrain as a result of the Portuguese conquest of the Bahrain Islands. Conquered by the Persian Safavid Empire
Бахрейн
BAKER ISLAND (Brit.) (AD 1886-1935) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Baker Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island from the USA by Great Britain. Transferred to the USA
Остров Бейкер (США)
BAKER ISLAND (USA) (AD 1857–1886}, {1935–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). (Formed on the territory of modern Baker Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island by the USA. Annexed by Great Britain}, {Returned to the USA)
Остров Бейкер (США)
BAKU KHANATE (AD 1747–1806) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Baku.
Азербайджан
BANGLADESH (AD 1971–) State, capitalist, republic (People's Republic of Bangladesh). Formed on the territory of modern Bangladesh as a result of separation from Pakistan. Capital - Dhaka
Бангладеш Пакистан
BARBADOS (AD 1966–) State, capitalistic, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Barbados as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Barbados (Brit.). Capital - Bridgetown
Барбадос
BARBADOS (Brit.) (AD 1663-1833}, {1885-1958}, {1962-1966) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Barbados as a result of the conquest of the island of Barbados by Great Britain. Joined the British Windward islands colony}, {Abandoned the British Windward islands colony. Joined the West Indies Federation (Brit.)}, {Abandoned the West Indies Federation (Brit.). The independent state of Barbados is proclaimed). Capital - Bridgetown
Барбадос
BARCELONA (AD 988–1152) State, feudal, monarchical (County of Barcelona). Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of secession from France. The capital is Barcelona. Became part of Aragon
Германия Испания Монако Франция
BASUTOLAND (Brit.) (AD 1868-1871}, {1884-1966) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate (from 1884 - colony). (Formed on the territory of modern Lesotho as a result of Great Britain establishing a protectorate over the Basuto lands. Annexed to the Cape Colony (Brit>)}, {Restored as a British colony. Lesotho's independence proclaimed). Capital - Maseru
Лесото
BATAV REPUBLIC (AD 1795–1806) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Netherlands as a result of the Napoleonic Wars and the transformation of the Republic of the United Provinces. Changed to Kingdom of Holland. Capital - The Hague
Нидерланды
BAWANDI STATE (AD 665–715) State, feudal Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Persian Sassanid Empire. The capitals are Sari, Amul. Conquered by the Hulaguid State
Иран
BECHUANALAND (Brit.) (AD 1885-1966) Possession of Great Britain, colony and protectorate. Formed on the territory. modern Botswana as a result of the British conquest of the lands of the Tswana people. The independent state of Botswana was proclaimed (in 1910, part of the property (colony) became part of the Union of South Africa). Capital - Mafikeng (1885-1965), Gaborone (1965-1966)
Ботсвана Южно-Африканская Республика
BELARUS (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Belarus). Originated on the territory modern Belarus as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Minsk
Белоруссия
BELIZE (AD 1981-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Belize). Formed on the territory of Belize as a result of the proclamation of independence from Britain British Honduras. Capital - Belmopan
Белиз
BENCOOLEN (Brit.) (AD 1685–1824) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of the acquisition by the British East India Company from local rulers as a trading post. It became part of the Dutch East Indies. Capital: Benculen
Indonesia
BENDER-ABBAS (port.) (AD 1506–1615) Possession of Portugal. It was formed as a result of the conquest by Portugal of part of the territory of the Ak-Koyunlu State. Conquered by the Persian Safavid Empire
Иран
BENEVENTO (AD 774–1081) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Benevento). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Lombard Kingdom. Annexed to the Papal States. Capital - Benevento
Италия
BENGAL SULTANATE (AD 1352–1576) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Capitals - Gaur, Pandua, Sonargaon. Conquered by the Mughal Emperor
Индия Бангладеш Мьянма
BENIN (AD 1975–) Capitalist state (Republic of Benin). Formed on the territory of modern Benin as a result of the renaming of Dahomey. Capital - Porto-Novo
Бенин
BERAR SULTANATE (AD 1490–1574) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Bahmani Sultanate. Capital - Ellichpur. Conquered by Ahmadnagar Sultanate
Индия
BERBICE (Dutch) (AD 1627–1814) The colony of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of Guyana as a result of the base by the river settlement Berbice Dutch West India Company. Transferred to Great Britain. Capitals - Fort Nassau (1627–1785)Fort Sint Andries (1785–1814)
Гайана
BERBIS (Brit.) (AD 1814-1831) Colony of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Guyana as a result of the transfer of the colony of Berbice (Dutch) To Great Britain. Merged with Demerara-Essequibo (Brit.), forming the colony of Guiana (Brit.)
Гайана
BERG (AD 1806–1813) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy of Berg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the annexation of the Duchy of Cleves to the Duchy of Berg. Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Became part of Prussia. The capital is Düsseldorf.
Германия
BERMUDA (Brit.) (AD 1612–) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory of modern Bermuda (Brit.) as a result of the British conquest. Capital - Hamilton
Бермудские Острова (Брит.)
BERNITIA (AD 547–616) State, feudal, monarchical. Founded by the Angles on the territory. modern Great Britain (South East Scotland and North East England). The capital is not defined. Merged with Deira to form Northumbria.
Великобритания
BHUTAN (AD 1907–) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Bhutan). Formed on the territory of modern Bhutan as a result of the unification of the country by the Wangchuk Dynasty; in 1907-1947 - actually under the protectorate of Great Britain, 1947-1971 - India. Capitals - Thimphu (from 1955), Punakha (until 1955)
Бутан
BIBL (2025–564 BC) Phoenician slave city-state. Was on the territory. modern Lebanon. Created by the Phoenicians. Conquered by Babylonia
Ливан
BIDAR SULTANATE (AD 1527–1619) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the conversion of Bahmani Sultanate. Capital - Bidar. Conquered by Bijapur Sultanate
Индия
BIJAPUR SULTANATE (AD 1490–1686) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Bahmani Sultanate. Capital - Bijapur. Conquered by the Mughal Emperor
Индия
BIRMA (AD 1948-1989) State, republic (Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma; until 1962 - Union of Burma). Formed on the territory of modern Myanmar as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in Burma (Brit). Renamed to Myanmar. Capital - Rangoon (since 1989 it became known as Yangon)
Мьянма
BIRMA (Brit.) (AD 1937-1942}, {1945-1948) Possession of Great Britain. (Formed on the territory of modern Myanmar as a result of separation from British India. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and an independent state of the Union of Burma was formed). The capital is Rangoon.
Мьянма
Bishopric of Courland (AD 1234–1562) State, feudal, theocratic (as part of the Principality of Terra Mariana, in 1435–1561 as part of the Livonian Confederation (as part of the Holy Roman Empire)). Educated on the territory modern Estonia as a result of separation from the Order of the Sword. The capital is Pilten. Transferred to the possession of Denmark
Латвия Эстония
Bishopric of Liege (AD 980–1795) State, theocratic. Originated on the territory modern Belgium within the Holy Roman Empire. Attached to France. The capital is Liege.
Бельгия Нидерланды
BITHINIA (297–74 BC) Hellenistic slaveholding, monarchical state. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Nicomedia. It became part of the Roman Republic.
Турция
BOEOTIAN UNION (600–457 BC}, {447–394 BC}, {375–338 BC}, {280–245 BC} , {224–146 BC) Federation of ancient Greek cities (polises). (It was formed as an association of 14 cities on the territory of modern Greece (Thebes, Orchomenus, Thespia, etc.). Conquered by Athens}, {Separated from Athens. Broken into separate city-states}, {Recreated. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Withdrew from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Aetolian Union}, {Withdrew from the Aetolian Union. Dissolved, became part of the Roman Republic). Capital of Thebes
Греция
BOLIVIA (AD 1825–) State, capitalist, republic (Plurinational State of Bolivia). Formed on the territory of modern Bolivia as a result of the withdrawal from United Provinces of South America. Capital - Sucre (official), La Paz (actual)
Боливия
BONAPARTE ISLAND (Fr.) (AD 1801-1810) Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern Reunion (Fr.) as a result of the renaming of Reunn (Fr.) to Bonaparte Island (Fr.). Renamed Bourbon Island (Fr.). Capital - Saint-Denis
Реюньон (Фр.)
BOSNIA (AD 1377–1463) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of secession from Hungary. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Capital - Visoko
Босния и Герцеговина Сербия Словения Хорватия Черногория
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (AD 1991–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory modern Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of secession from Yugoslavia. Capital - Sarajevo
Босния и Герцеговина
BOSPORUS KINGDOM (480-108 BC}, {63 BC - AD 370) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the unification of the Greek city-states on the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus} , {Regained independence. destroyed by the Huns). Capital - Panticapaeum
Россия, (ЮФО), Украина
BOTSWANA (AD 1966–) State, capitalist (Republic of Botswana). Formed on the territory of modern Botswana as a result of the declaration of independence of Bechuanaland (Brit.). Capital - Gaborone
Ботсвана
BRAKNA (AD 1600-1903) State, emirate. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a traditional confederation of semi-nomadic peoples. Entered into Mauritania (Fr.)
Мавритания
BRANKOVICH REGION (AD 1371–1402) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Serbia as a result of the collapse of the Serbian kingdom. It became part of the Serbian despotism. Capital - Pristina
Албания Македония Сербия Черногория
BRAUNSCHWEIG (AD 1815–1871) State, monarchical (Duchy of Brunswick). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of secession from Hanover. Member of the German Union. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Braunschweig
Германия
BRAZIL (AD 1822–) State, capitalistic, republic (Federative Republic of Brazil; before 1889 - Brazilian Empire, 1889–1967 - United States of Brazil). Formed on the territory. modern Brazil as a result of the liquidation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve and the proclamation of Brazilian independence. Capital - Brasilia (from 1960), Rio de Janeiro (until 1960)
Бразилия Колумбия Уругвай
BRAZIL (Dutch) (AD 1630-1654) A colony of the Netherlands. Founded on the territory of Brazil, as a result of the occupation of the Dutch West India Company northeastern Brazil (Port.). Reconquer Brazil (Port.). Capital - Mauritsstad
Бразилия
BRAZIL (Port.) (AD 1530-1815) A colony of Portugal (Colonial Brazil). Founded on the territory of Brazil, as a result of the development opened in 1500 Pedro Cabral lands and the founding of the first settlement of San Vicente in the coastal part of the modern State of Sao Paulo. It became part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarve. Capitals - Salvador (1549-1763), Rio de Janeiro (1763-1815)
Бразилия
BREMEN (AD 1806–1807},{1814–1871) City-state (Free and Hanseatic city of Bremen). (It was formed on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (it was formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1715). Attached to France}, {Recreated. Became part of united Germany). In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 he was a member of the North German Confederation. Capital - Bremen
Германия
BREMEN-VERDEN (Swedish) (AD 1648–1715) State, monarchical (Duchy of Bremen and Principality of Verden). possession of Sweden. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the Danish-Swedish wars and separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Stade. Became part of the Holy Roman Empire
Германия
BRITISH AMERICA (AD 1607-1783) Territories of Britain (up to 1707 - England, the official name of British America and the British West Indies). Formed on the territory of USA as a result of the settlement of Jamestown foundation laid the foundation of the first English colony in North America Virginia. After independence USA converted to British North America. Capital - London
США Канада Сен-Пьер и Микелон (Фр.)
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICAN PROTECTORATE (AD 1893-1907) British owned by the British South African Company. Formed on the territory of modern Malawi as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over Marawi. Renamed to Nyasaland (Brit.). Capital - Zomba
Малави
BRITISH EAST AFRICA(AD 1895-1920) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Kenya as a result of the transfer of Kenya from the Imperial British East African Company of Great Britain. Renamed Kenya (Brit.). Capital - Mombasa (until 1907), Nairobi (from 1907
Кения Уганда Танзания
BRITISH HONDURAS (AD 1840-1981) Ownership of the UK (since 1862 - a crown colony). It was born on the territory of Belize as a result of the transition of the English settlements under the authority of the United Kingdom and separation from Guatemala. Capitals - Belize (until 1971), Belmopan (1971). September 21, 1981 proclaimed independent state Belize
Белиз
BRITISH INDIA (AD 1858-1947) Possession UK. Formed on the territory of India as a result of the liquidation of the British East India Company and the transfer of power directly to the UK. Capitals - Calcutta (1858-1911), New Delhi (1911-1947). As a result of the declaration of independence formed state in India, Pakistan and Burma
Бангладеш Индия Пакистан
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY (AD 1965–) British possession (overseas territory). Formed on the territory. modern British Indian Ocean Territory as a result of the separation, in fact, of the British occupation of the islands from Mauritius (Chagos archipelago) and Seychelles (Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches islands) into a separate overseas territory; the only residents are British and American military personnel. Capital - Diego Garcia.
Британская Территория в Индийском Океане
BRITISH LEEWARD ISLANDS (AD 1671-1816}, {1833-1960) Possession of Great Britain, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla (Brit.), Montserrat (Brit.), Virgin Islands (Brit.) as a result of the unification of British possessions on the islands of Antigua, Barbuda, Montserrat, Saint Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla and Dominica Divided into the colonies of Antigua, Barbuda and Montserrat (UK) and Saint Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla and the Virgin Islands (Brit.)}, {Recreated. Joined the West Indies Federation ( Brit.)). Capital - Saint Johns
Ангилья (Брит.) Антигуа и Барбуда Виргинские Острова (Брит.) Доминика Монтсеррат (Брит.) Сент-Китс и Невис
BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION (Borneo) (AD 1945-1946) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the liberation of Sarawak (Brit.), North Borneo (UK) and Labuan (UK) from Japanese occupation. The colonies of Sarawak (UK) and North Borneo (Brit.) were formed. Capital - Victoria
Malaysia
BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION (Malaya) (AD 1945-1946) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory. modern Malaysia as a result of the liberation of the British Malay protectorates and colonies from Japanese occupation. Converted to Union of Malay (UK). Capital - Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
BRITISH NORTH AMERICA (AD 1783-1907) British possession. Formed on the territory of Canada as a result of the transformation of British America. Originally included a colony of Quebec, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Rupert's Land. Ceased to exist, divided into Canada and Newfoundland. Capital - London
Канада
BRITISH OCCUPATION ZONE OF GERMANY (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of German territory occupied by Great Britain as a result of Germany's defeat in World War II. The Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed on the territory of the British, French and American zones of occupation. The headquarters of the occupation troops is Bad Oeynhausen.
Германия
BRITISH SECTOR OF THE OCCUPATION OF BERLIN (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of the territory of Berlin occupied by Great Britain as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. On the territory of the British, French and American sectors of occupation, a special political entity was created - West Berlin
Германия
BRITISH WINDWARD ISLANDS (AD 1833-1958) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago as a result of the unification of British possessions on the islands of Barbados, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Tobago. Joined the West Indies Federation (Brit.)). Capital - Bridgetown (1871-1885), St. George's (1885-1958)
Барбадос Доминика Гренада Сент-Люсия Сент-Винсент и Гренадины Тринидад и Тобаго
BRITTANY (AD 845-1491) State, feudal, monarchical (Duchy of Brittany, in 851-913 - kingdom). Educated on the territory modern France as a result of separation from the West Frankish kingdom, in 913 the Normans came to power. The capital is Rennes. Became part of France
Великобритания Франция
BRUNEI (AD 1984–) State, monarchy (State of Brunei Darussalam). Formed on the territory of modern Brunei. as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain Brunei (brit.). Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan
Бруней
BRUNEI (Brit.) (AD 1888-1941}, {1945-1946}, {1946-1984) (Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Brunei as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the Brunei Empire. Occupied by Japan}, { Released from occupation and transferred under the control of the British Military Administration (Borneo)}, {Restored the protectorate of Brunei (Brit.). Declared independence from Great Britain). Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan (until 1970 - it was called Brunei)
Бруней
BRUNEI EMPIRE (AD 1368–1888) State, feudal, monarchical (in 1368–1425 - vassal of Majapahit). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia, as a result of the establishment of the British protectorate, Sarawak (Brit.), North Borneo (Brit.) and Brunei (Brit.) were formed. Capital: Kota Batu, Kampung Ayer, Brunei
Malaysia Indonesia Philippines
BRYCHEINOOG (AD 450–1091) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Brycheiniog). Founded by Irish settlers on the territory. modern Great Britain (in Wales). The capital is Talgart. Conquered by England
Великобритания Франция
BUGANDA (AD 1300-1890) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Buganda). Formed on the territory of modern Uganda Bantu peoples. Established a protectorate of the Imperial British East African Company. Capital - Mengo
Уганда
BUID STATE (AD 934-1055) State, feudal theocratic Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of secession from the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Shiraz. Conquered by the Seljuk state
Ирак Иран Кувейт
BUILT (132 BC–70 BC}, {65– AD 244) State, slaveholding, Arab. (It originated on the territory of modern Turkey. Separated from the Seleucid state. Conquered by Great Armenia}, {Withdrawn from Great Armenia. Conquered by the Persian Sassanid Empire. Capital - Edessa.)
Ирак Сирия Турция
BUKHARA EMIRATE (AD 1785–1868}, {1917–1920) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of the transformation of the Bukhara Khanate. The establishment of the Russian protectorate - the Emirate of Bukhara (Russian)}, {Liberation from the Russian protectorate. Transformed into the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic). Capital - Bukhara
Киргизстан Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
BUKHARA KHANATE (AD 1500–1740}, {1747–1785) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of the collapse of the Timurid Empire and the conquest of Central Asia by the Sheibanids. It was captured by the Presid power of Nadir Shah and the Persian protectorate was established - the Bukhara Khanate (pers.)}, {Liberation from the Persian protectorate. Transformed into the Bukhara emirate).
Афганистан Иран Казахстан Киргизстан Пакистан Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
BUKHARA KHANATE (pers.) (AD 1740–1747) State, feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Presid state of Nadir Shah. It arose on the territory. modern Uzbekistan as a result of the conquests of the Presidential power of Nadir Shah and the loss of independence of the Bukhara Khanate. The capital is Bukhara. Returned independence
Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
BUKHARA NSR (AD 1920–1924) State, socialist (Bukharan People's Soviet Republic). Educated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of Soviet power in the Emirate of Bukhara. The capital is Bukhara. Became part of the USSR
Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
BULGARIA (AD 1908–) State, capitalist, republic (until 1946 — monarchy) (Republic of Bulgaria; in 1946–1990 — People's Republic of Bulgaria). Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire (since 1879 - a principality with broad autonomy within the Ottoman Empire). Capital - Sofia
Болгария Греция Македония Сербия
BUNYORO-KITARA (AD 1400-1896) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara). Formed on the territory. modern Uganda Bantu peoples. After the establishment of the British protectorate, it became part of Uganda (Britain). Capital - Hoima
Уганда
BURGUNDY DUchy (AD 1363-1477) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern France as a result of secession from France. The capital is Dijon. Divided between France and the Holy Roman Empire
Андорра Бельгия Люксембург Нидерланды Франция Швейцария
BURKINA-FASO (AD 1984–) Capitalist state. Formed on the territory of modern Burkina Faso as a result of the renaming of Upper Volta. Capital - Ouagadougou
Буркина-Фасо
BURMESE KINGDOM (AD 1752–1852) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar as a result of the accession of the Konbaun dynasty in the state of Taungoo. Conquered by the British East India Company. Capital - Shuebo
Мьянма Таиланд
BURUNDI (AD 1962–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Burundi). Formed on the territory of modern Burundi as a result of the declaration of independence of the possession of Ruanda-Urundi (Belg.) and its division into the states of Rwanda and Burundi. Capital - Bujumbura (until 2019), Gitega (from 2019)
Бурунди
BYZANTINE EMPIRE (AD 476–1204}, {AD 1261–1453) State, slaveholding, monarchical. (It appeared as a result of the renaming of the Eastern Roman Empire on the territory of modern Turkey. The capital is Constantinople. It was renamed the Byzantine Empire simultaneously with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After the crusaders conquered the capital and part of the territory and created the Latin Empire, the Nicaean Empire became the legal successor in the remaining territory} {After the liquidation of the Latin Empire, the capital Constantinople and the name of the Byzantine Empire were returned. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire)
Австрия Албания Алжир Армения Болгария Боснияя и Герцеговина Ватикан Венгрия Гибралтар Греция Грузия Египет Иордания Израиль Ирак Испания Италия Кипр Ливан Ливия Македония Мальта Марокко Португалия Румыния Саудовская Аравия Сербия Сирия Словения Тунис Турция Украина Франция Хорватия Черногория Швейцария
BYZANTIUM (660–74 BC) City-state. Created by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Became part of the Roman Empire. Subsequently, it was the capital of the Roman Empire (from AD 330 - Constantinople); Byzantium (from the beginning of the 4th century - Constantinople), the Ottoman Empire (from AD 1453 - Istanbul), Turkey - (from AD 1918 - AD 1923). Istanbul is currently the largest city in Turkey.
Турция

C

Историческая справка

Страна
CABO VERDE (AD 2013–) State, capitalist (Republic of Cabo Verde). Formed on the territory of modern Cabo Verde as a result of the renaming of the Cape Verde Islands. Capital - Praia
Кабо-Верде
CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA (AD 929-1031) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the transformation of the Emirate of Cordoba. The capital is Cordoba. It broke up into separate emirates (taifas).
Гибралтар Испания Марокко Португалия Тунис
CAMBODIA (AD 1953-1975}, {1989-) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Cambodia, in 1970-1975 - the Khmer Republic; in 1989-1993 - the State of Cambodia). Formed on the territory of modern Cambodia as a result of the declaration of independence from France in French Indochina. Renamed to Kampuchea}, {Name of Cambodia restored). Capital - Phnom Penh
Камбоджа
CAMBODIA (Fr.) (AD 1863-1887) Possession of France, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Cambodia as a result of the establishment of a French protectorate over the Kingdom of Cambodia (under the rule of Siam). It became part of French Indochina. Capital - Phnom Penh
Камбоджа
CAMEROON (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Republic of Cameroon). Formed on the territory of modern Cameroon as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Cameroon (Fr.). Capital - Yaounde
Камерун
CAMEROON (Brit.) (AD 1916-1961). British ownership. Formed on the territory of modern Cameroon as a result of the partition of Cameroon (Germ.) and the transfer of the control mandate of the western part of Cameroon to Great Britain. Shared between Cameroon and Nigeria. Capital - Buea
Камерун Нигерия
CAMEROON (Fr.) (AD 1916-1959). Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern Cameroon as a result of the partition of Cameroon (Germ.) and the transfer of the mandate to govern the eastern part of Cameroon to France. The independence of Cameroon is proclaimed. Capital - Yaounde
Камерун
CAMEROON (Germ.) (AD 1884-1916) Possession of Germany, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Cameroon as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over a number of states in North-West Africa. Divided into Cameroon (Brit.) and Cameroon (Fr.). Capital - Yaounde
Камерун Нигерия Центральноафриканская Республика Chad
CAMPUCHIA (AD 1975-1989) State, republic (People's Republic of Kmpuchea, in 1975-1979 - Democratic Kampuchea). Formed on the territory of modern Cambodia as a result of the overthrow of the monarchy and the renaming of Cambodia to Kampuchea. The name Cambodia was restored. Capital - Phnom Penh
Камбоджа
CANADA (AD 1867-) A state capitalist. Formed on the territory of Canada as a result of the adoption of the Constitutional Act and the declaration of dominion status in Canada (Brit.). Capital - Ottawa
Канада
CANADA (Brit.) (AD 1841-1867) a British colony (as a part of British North America). Founded on the territory. sovr. Canada's merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Transformed into the Dominion of Canada. Capital - Kingston (1841-1843), Montreal (1843-1849), Toronto (1849-1852, 1859-1866), Quebec (1852-1856, 1859-1866), Ottawa (1866-1867)
Канада
CANTON AND ENDERBERRY ISLANDS (Brit., USA) (AD 1939-1979) Joint possession of Great Britain and the USA, condominium. Formed on the territory of modern Kiribati as a result of separation from the colony of Gilbert and Ellis Islands (Brit). After the proclamation of independence, Kiribati became a part of it. Capital - Tebaronga
Кирибати
CAPE COLONY (Brit.) (AD 1806-1910) Possession of Great Britain, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the Dutch colony Cape Colony (Dutch). Joined the Union of South Africa. Capital - Cape Town
Южно-Африканская Республика Лесото
CAPE COLONY (Dutch) (AD 1652-1795}, {1803-1806) Possession of the Netherlands, a colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the conquest of the Cape of Good Hope by the Dutch West India Company. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Transferred to the Batavian Republic (Netherlands). Conquered by Great Britain with the formation of the Cape Colony (Brit.). Capital - Cape Town
Южно-Африканская Республика
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (AD 1975–) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern Cabo Verde as a result of the proclamation of independence of Portugal's possession of Cape Verde (Port). Capital - Praia
Кабо-Верде
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (Port.) (AD 1495-1580}, {1640-1975) Possession of Portugal. (Formed on the territory of modern Cabo Verde as a result of the colonization of the Cape Verde Islands by Portuguese colonists. Passed into the possession of Spain}, {Returned to Portugal. The independence of the Cape Verde Islands was proclaimed). Capital - Praia
Кабо-Верде
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (Sp.) (AD 1580-1640) Possession of Spain. Formed on the territory of modern Cabo Verde as a result of the transfer of the Cape Verde Islands (Port) colony to Spain. Returned to Portugal. Capital - Praia
Кабо-Верде
CAPPADOCIA (250 BC - AD 17) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Separated from the Seleucid State. The capital is Mazaka. It became part of the Roman Empire.
Турция
CAPUIA (600–327 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic. In 74 BC, in the city of Capua, Spartacus organized a conspiracy of gladiators.
Италия
CARANTANIA (AD 658–788) State, feudal, Slavic (Principality of Carantania). Originated on the territory modern Austria as a result of the collapse of the Principality of Samo. The capital is Krnski grad. Conquered by the Frankish State
Австрия Словения Хорватия
CARIBBEAN NETHERLANDS (AD 2010–) Possession of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of modern Caribbean Netherlands (islands Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) as a result of the termination of the possession of the Netherlands Antilles and its division into Curacao (Dutch), Sint Marten (Dutch) And the Caribbean Netherlands. Capital - Kralendijk
Карибские Нидерланды
CARTHAGE (825–146 BC) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Tunisia Destroyed by the Roman Republic in the 3rd Punic War. The most prominent commander Hannibal (late 247–183 BC).
Алжир Гибралтар Ливия Испания Италия Мальта Марокко Португалия Тунис Франция
CASTILIA (AD 1035–1037},{1065–1072},{1157–1230) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Castile). (It originated in the territory of modern Spain as a result of secession from the Kingdom of León. Merged with León to form the Kingdom of Castile and León},{Restored as a result of secession from León. Merged with León to form the Kingdom of Castile and León},{Restored as a result of secession from Leon. United with Leon, forming the Kingdom of Castile and Leon). Capitals - Burgos, Toledo.
Испания Португалия
CASTILIA AND LEON (AD 1037-1065}, {1072-1157}, {1230-1516) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Castile and León). (It originated on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the unification of Castile and Leon. Broken up into Castile and Leon},{Restored as a result of the unification of Castile and Leon. Broken up into Castile and Leon},{Restored as a result of the unification of Castile and Leon. Merged with Aragon to form Spain). Capitals - Burgos, Toledo.
Испания Португалия
CAUCASUS ALBANIA (400 BC - AD 461) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan. Made by Albanians. The capital is Gabala. It became part of the Persian Sassanid Empire.
Азербайджан Армения Грузия Россия , (ЮФО)
CAYMAN ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1962–) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory of modern Cayman Islands (Brit.) as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.). Capital - Georgetown
Каймановы Острова (Брит.)
CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE (AD 1976-1979) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern Central African Republic as a result of the transformation of the Central African Republic into Central African Empire. Central African Republic was re-established. Capital - Bangui
Центральноафриканская Республика
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (AD 1960–1976}, {1979–) State, capitalist. (Formed on the territory of the modern Central African Republic as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Ubangi-Shari (Fr.). Central African Empire was proclaimed.}, {Central African Republic was re-established). Capital - Bangui
Центральноафриканская Республика
CERE (1000–358 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. He was a member of the Union of 12 city-states of Etruria. Destroyed by the Roman Republic
Италия
CEREDIGION (AD 424–680) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Ceredigion). Originated on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of the division of Kuneda's possessions between his sons. The capital is not defined. Renamed Seisillug.
Великобритания
CEUTA (port.) (AD 1415–1580) Possession of Portugal. It was formed as a result of the conquest of the city of Ceuta by Portugal from the State of the Marinids. Conquered by Spain (see Ceuta (Spanish)
Марокко
CEUTA (Spanish) (AD 1518–1912}, {1956–) Spanish possession. (Formated on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the conquest of the city of Ceuta (port.) by Spain. It became part of Spanish Morocco}, {Withdrawn from Spanish Morocco, included in Spain, since 1995 - Autonomous city of Ceuta
Испания (Марокко)
CEYLON (AD 1948-1972) State, dominion of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Sri Lanka as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in Ceylon (brit.). Converted to Republic and renamed Sri Lanka. Capital - Colombo
Sri Lanka
CEYLON (Brit.) (AD 1796-1948) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory. modern Sri Lanka as a result of the British conquest of Ceylon (Dutch). Independence from Great Britain is proclaimed and the dominion of Ceylon is formed. Capital - Colombo
Maldives Sri Lanka
CEYLON (Dutch) (AD 1656–1796) Colony of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory modern Sri Lanka as a result of the conquest of Ceylon (Port.) by the Dutch East India Company. Transferred to the UK. Capital - Colombo
Maldives Sri Lanka
CEYLON (Port.) (AD 1597–1658) A colony of Portugal. Formed on the territory modern Sri Lanka as a result of the conquest of the state of Kotte by Portugal. Included in Ceylon (Nid.). Capital - Colombo
Sri Lanka
CHAD (AD 1960–) Capitalist state (Republic of Chad). Formed on the territory of modern Chad as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Chad (Fr.). Capital - N'Djamena
Chad
CHAD (Fr.) (AD 1900-1906}, {1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic (since 1958). (Formed on the territory of present-day Chad as a result of France's establishment of a protectorate over the Baghirmi sultanate. It merged with the Ubangi-Shari (Fr.) colony into the Ubangi-Shari-Chad (Fr.) colony}, {Withdrawn from French Equatorial Africa. Independence proclaimed Chad). Capital - Fort Lamy
Chad
CHAGATAI KHANATE (AD 1225–1370) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of separation from Mongol Empire. The capitals were Almalyk (1225–1266), Samarkand (1266–1370). It ceased to exist as a result of the seizure of power in Timur and formed Timurid Empire
Афганистан Казахстан Киргизстан PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia Пакистан Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
CHALCIDA (700–338 BC}, {280–146 BC) City-state. (Born on the territory of modern Greece. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Roman Republic)
Греция
CHALUKYA (AD 543-753) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India by conquest Kadambas Chalukyas. Capital - Badami. Won state Rashtrakuta dynasty
Индия
CHAMPA (AD 629–1832) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a result of the conquest of the state of Lâm Ấp. Conquered by the state of Đại Việt (Nguyen dynasty). Capital - Indrapura (875-978), Vijaya (978-1485), Panduranga (1485-1832)
Вьетнам
CHAMPASAK (AD 1713–1904) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Laos as a result of the collapse of Lan Xang. After the establishment of the protectorate of France, it was included in French Indochina. The capital is Champasak
Laos
CHEMBALO (Genoese) (AD 1357–1475) City-state, colony of the Republic of Genoa. Born on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The modern district of Sevastopol Balaklava
Украина
CHEN (AD 557–589) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC after the change of dynasty in the state of Liang. The Sui Empire was conquered. The capital is Jiankang
PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам
CHENLA (AD 550-802) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Cambodia as a Mon-Khmer state. It became part of Kambujadesh. Capital - Bhavapura (VI c.), Ishanapura (since the 7th c.)
Вьетнам Laos Камбоджа Мьянма Таиланд
CHERA (300 BC-AD 1279) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the beginning of the reign of the Tamil Chera. Capital - Karuvur. Won state Chola
Индия
Chersonese Taurian (529-108 BC}, {63 BC - AD 370) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical (since the beginning of our era - an oligarchic republic). (Created by the ancient Greeks on the territory of modern Ukraine. Conquered by the Pontic kingdom}, {Restored independence. Destroyed by the Huns). Was on the territory. modern Sevastopol
Украина
CHILE (AD 1778-1810) Colony of Spain. Formed on the territory of modern Chile as a result of separation from Peru (Sp.). Chile proclaimed its independence. Capital - Santiago
Чили
CHILE (AD 1810–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Chile). Formed on the territory of modern Chile as a result of the declaration of independence in Chile (Sp.). Capital - Santiago
Чили
CHOLA (300 BC-AD 1279) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the beginning of the reign of the Tamil Chola. Won state Pandya
Индия Sri Lanka
CHRISTMAS ISLAND (Austr.) (AD 1958–) Possession (Outer Territory) of Australia. Formed on the territory of modern Christmas Island (Austr.) as a result of the transfer of the island by Great Britain to Australia. Capital - Flying Fish Cove
Остров Рождества (Австрал.)
CHRISTMAS ISLAND (Brit.) (AD 1888-1958) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Christmas Island (Austr.) as a result of the annexation of the island by Great Britain. Transferred to Australia. Capital - Flying Fish Cove
Остров Рождества (Австрал.)
CILICIAN KINGDOM (AD 1080–1375) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey on the southern border of the Byzantine Empire during the Seljuk invasion. The capital is Sis. Conquered by the Mamluk State
Сирия Турция
CISALPINE REPUBLIC (AD 1797–1799}, {1801–1802) State, subsidiary republic of France. (Formed on the territory of modern Italy as a result of the unification of the Transpadan and Cisalpine Republics. Attached to the Habsburg Empire}, {Restored as a result of Napoleon's victory. Renamed the Italian Republic). The capital is Milan.
Италия
CISPADAN REPUBLIC (AD 1796–1797) State, vassal republic of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of Napoleon's victory. The capital is Bologna. United with the Transpadan Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic
Италия
CLUSIOUS (1000–280 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. It was a member of the Union of 12 city-states of Etruria. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Италия
COCONUT (KEALING) ISLANDS (Austr.) (AD 1955–) Possession (Outer Territory) of Australia. Formed on the territory of modern Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Austr.) as a result of the transfer of the islands by Great Britain to Australia. Capital - West Island
Кокосовые (Килинг) Острова (Австрал.)
COCONUT (KEALING) ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1857-1955) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Austr.) as a result of the annexation of the islands by Great Britain. Transferred to Australia. Capital - West Island
Кокосовые (Килинг) Острова (Австрал.)
COLCHIS (1200–720 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical, legendary. Originated on the territory modern Georgia. It is known from the ancient Greek legend about the Argonauts who sailed to Colchis for the Golden Fleece. Considered the birthplace of the Amazons. Destroyed by the tribes of Cimmerians and Scythians
Грузия
COLCHIS KINGDOM (550–102 BC) Slaveholding, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of the unification of the tribes of the Colchians. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus
Грузия
COLOMBIA (AD 1863-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Colombia, in 1886 the United States of Colombia). Formed on the territory of Colombia,as a result of the conversion of New Granada. Capital - Bogota
Колумбия Панама
COLONY OF NATAL (Brit.) (AD 1843-1910) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the Republic of Natal. Joined the Union of South Africa. Capital - Pietermaritzburg
Южно-Африканская Республика
COMMAGEN (1000–800 BC},{162–83 BC},{65 BC – AD 72) State, slaveholding. (Created in 1000 BC on the territory of modern Turkey. Conquered by Assyria}. {Separated from the State of the Seleucids. Conquered by Great Armenia}, {Separated from Great Armenia. Became part of the Roman Empire). Capital - Samosat (since 162 BC)
Турция
Commonwealth (AD 1569–1795) State, feudal, monarchical, confederation. Originated on the territory modern Poland as a result of the unification of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Divided between Prussia, the Habsburg Empire and the Russian Empire. Capitals - Krakow (until 1596), Warsaw
Белоруссия Латвия Литва Молдавия Польша Россия
(Калининград)
(ЦФО) (СЗФО) Украина Эстония
COMORES (FR.) (AD 1886-1914}, {1946-1975) Possession of France, protectorate. (Formed on the territory of modern Comoros as a result of separation from the protectorate of Mayotte (Fr.). It became part of Madagascar (Fr.)}, {Withdrawn from Madagascar (Fr.). The independent state of the Comoros was proclaimed). Capital - Moroni
Коморские Острова
COMOROS (AD 1975–) State, capitalist (Union of the Comoros; until 1978 - the Comoros state, until 2002 - the Islamic Federal Republic of the Comoros). Formed on the territory of modern Comoros as a result of the declaration of independence of the possession of the Comoros (Fr.). Capital - Moroni
Коморские Острова
COMPANY RULE IN INDIA (AD 1612-1858) Possession UK. Formed on the territory of India as a result of the gains of the UK India. Capitals - Fort Wiliam, Calcutta. Transferred to the British India
Бангладеш Индия Malaysia Пакистан
CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (AD 1861-1865) unrecognized states. It was born on the territory of USA on USA 13, following the withdrawal of the southern slave states from the United States. It became part of the United States. Capitals - Montgomery (1861), Richmond (1861-1865), Danville (1865)
США
CONFEDERATION OF PERU AND BOLIVIA (AD 1836-1839) State. Formed on the territory of modern Peru and Bolivia as a result of the unification of Peru and Bolivia. Broken up into Peru and Bolivia. Capital - Tacna
Перу Боливия Чили
CONGO (Belg.) (AD 1908-1960) Possession of Belgium, colony. Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of the annexation of the Congo Free State by Belgium. Congo (Kinshasa) independence proclaimed. Capital - Boma (until 1926), Leopoldville (from 1926)
ДР Конго
CONGO (Brazzaville) (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Republic of the Congo; 1970–1991 - People's Republic of the Congo). Formed on the territory of modern Congo (Brazzaville) as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of the Congo (Fr.). Capital - Brazzaville
Конго (Браззавиль)
CONGO (Fr.) (AD 1882-1903}, {1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic (since 1958). (Formed on the territory of the modern Congo (Brazzaville) as a result of France's establishment of a protectorate over the people of Bateke on the northern bank of the Congo River. Renamed to Middle Congo (Fr.)}, {Seceded from French Equatorial Africa. The independence of Republic of the Congo was proclaimed). Capital - Brazzaville
Габон Конго (Браззавиль) Центральноафриканская Республика
CONGO (Kinshasa) (AD 1960-1971) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of the declaration of independence of the Congo (Belg.). Renamed to Zaire. Capital - Kinshasa (until 1966 - Leopoldville)
ДР Конго
CONGO FREE STATE (AD 1885-1908) State in personal union with the king of Belgium. Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of colonization of the territory of modern DR Congo by Belgium. Annexed by Belgium. Capital - Boma
ДР Конго
COOK ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1888-1901) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Cook Islands (New Zel.) As a result of the annexation of the islands by Great Britain. Transferred to New Zealand. Capital - Avarua
Острова Кука (Нов. Зел.)
COOK ISLANDS (New Zeal.) (AD 1901–) New Zealand possession, since 1965 loose association with New Zealand. Formed on the territory of modern Cook Islands (New Zeal.) as a result of the transfer of islands from Great Britain to New Zealand. Capital - Avarua
Острова Кука (Нов. Зел.)
CORINTH (747–338 BC},{280–243 BC},{147–146 BC) City-state. (Born on the territory of modern Greece. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Achaean Union}, {Left the Achaean Union. Became part of the Roman Republic)
Греция
CORNWALL (AD 1014–1066) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Cornwall). Originated on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of separation from England after its conquest by Denmark. The capital is not defined. Attached to England.
Великобритания
COSTA RICA (AD 1838-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Costa Rica). Formed on the territory of Costa Rica, following the withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Central America. Capital - San José
Коста-Рика
CÔTE D'IVOIRE (AD 1985–) State, capitalist (Republic of Côte d'Ivoire). Formed on the territory of modern Côte d'Ivoire as a result of the renaming of the Ivory Coast. Capital - Yamoussoukro
Кот-д’Ивуар
COUNTY OF EDESSA (AD 1098–1144) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. Formed by the Crusaders on the territory of the Seljuk State. The capital is Edessa. Conquered by the Zengid Emirate
Сирия Турция
COUNTY OF SICILY (AD 1071-1130) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the Norman conquest of part of the Emirate of Sicily. The capital is Palermo. As a result of the unification of the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria and the County of Sicily, the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily was formed
Италия Мальта Марокко
CRIMEAN KHANATE (AD 1441–1478}, {1774–1783) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Ukraine in the process of the disintegration of the Golden Horde into a number of independent states. It fell into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire}, {Recreated as an independent khanate. Attached to the Russian Empire) The capital is Bakhchisarai.
Молдавия Россия, (ЦФО), (ЮФО), Украина
CRIMEAN KHANATE (Osm.) (AD 1478–1774) State, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the Crimean Khanate falling into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Bakhchisarai. Recreated as an independent khanate
Молдавия Россия, (ЦФО), (ЮФО), Украина
CROATIA (AD 1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Croatia). Formed on the territory modern Croatia as a result of secession from Yugoslavia. Capital - Zagreb
Хорватия
CROTON (708–264 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic.
Италия
CUBA (AD 1902–) State, republic (Republic of Cuba). Formed on the territory of modern Cuba as a result of the end of the US occupation. Capital - Havana
Куба
CUBA (Sp.) (AD 1607-1898) Colony of Spain (captaincy general). Created on the territory of modern Cuba as part of New Spain. It ceased to exist as a result of the Spanish-American War and the US occupation (in 1902 the independent Republic of Cuba was proclaimed). Capital - Havana.
Куба
CUBA (US Occupied) (AD 1898-1902) US possession (US military government in Cuba). Formed on the territory of modern Cuba as a result of the US occupation of the colony Cuba (Sp.). The occupation ended, the independent Republic of Cuba was proclaimed. Capital - Havana
Куба
CUBAN KHANATE (AD 1747–1806) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Cuba.
Россия, (ЮФО)
CUE (1000–700 BC) State, slaveholding. monarchical. . Originated on the territory modern Turkey. It became part of Assyria.
Турция
CURACAO (Dutch) (AD 2010–) Owned by the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of modern Curacao (Dutch) as a result of the termination of the possession of the Netherlands Antilles and its division into Curacao (Dutch), Sint Marten (Dutch) And the Caribbean Netherlands. Capital - Willemstad
Кюрасао (Нид.)
CURACAO AND DEPENDENCIES (Dutch) (AD 1792–1807},{1816–1948) Possession of the Netherlands. (Formed on the territory of modern Aruba (Dutch), Curacao (Dutch), Sint Marten (Dutch) and the Caribbean Netherlands as a result of the transfer of the islands from the Dutch West India Company to the Netherlands.Occupied by Great Britain}, {Returned to the Netherlands. Converted to Netherlands Antilles). Converted to the Netherlands Antilles. Capital - Willemstad
Аруба (Нид.) Карибские Нидерланды Кюрасао (Нид.) Синт-Мартен (Нид.) Суринам
CYDONIA (900–67 BC) City-state. Born on the territory O. Crete (modern Greece) after the settlement of the island by the Dorians. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Греция
CYPRUS (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Republic of Cyprus). Educated on the territory modern Cyprus as a result of the declaration of independence in the British colony of Cyprus (Brit.). The capital is Nicosia.
Кипр
CYPRUS (EMPIRE) (AD 1185–1191) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Cyprus. It was formed as a result of the seizure of power on about. Cyprus, which was part of the Byzantine Empire, by Isaac Komnenos, who proclaimed himself emperor. The capital is Nicosia. Conquered by King Richard I of England the Lionheart during the 3rd Crusade
Кипр
CYPRUS (UK) (AD 1878–1960) British possession (crown colony since 1925). Formed as a result of the rejection of the territory by Great Britain. modern Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Nicosia. On August 16, 1960, the independent Republic of Cyprus was proclaimed
Кипр
CYRENAIC (It.) (AD 1912–1934) Colony of Italy. It was formed as a result of the occupation by Italy of part of the Ottoman Empire on the territory. modern Libya. The capital is Benghazi. Became part of the colony of Libya (it.)
Ливия
CYRENAICA (UK) (AD 1943–1951) Territory under British administration. Educated on the territory modern Libya as a result of the British occupation of part of the territory of Libya (it.). The capital is Benghazi. It became part of the independent state of Libya proclaimed on December 24, 1951
Ливия
CYRENE (640–305 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Libya. Conquered by Ptolemaic Egypt.
Ливия
CZECH REPUBLIC (AD 1198–1526},{1993–) State, capitalist, republic (Czech Republic). (It originated on the territory of the modern Czech Republic (the Kingdom of the Czech Republic, another name is the Kingdom of Bohemia) as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Became part of the Habsburg Empire}, {Revived as a result of the collapse of Czechoslovakia). Capital - Prague
Австрия Германия Италия Польша Словения Чехия
CZECHOSLOVAKIA (AD 1918–1939}, {1945–1992) State, socialist (since 1945), republic. (It was formed on the territory of the modern Czech Republic and Slovakia as a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary (Czechoslovak Republic). It ceased to exist as a result of the occupation of the Czech Republic by Germany (the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was formed in the occupied territory) and the declaration of independence of Slovakia}, {Recreated as a result of liberation from German occupation by Soviet troops; in 1960-1989 - the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia). Capital - Prague
Словакия Польша Украина Чехия

D

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Историческая справка

Страна
DAHOMEY (AD 1960-1974) State, capitalist (Republic of Dahomey). Formed on the territory of modern Benin as a result of the declaration of independence from France Dahomey (Fr.). Renamed to Benin. Capital - Porto-Novo
Бенин
DAHOMEY (Fr.) (AD 1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic. Formed on the territory of modern Benin as a result of the secession from French West Africa. The independence of Dahomey is proclaimed. Capital - Porto-Novo
Бенин
ĐẠI VIỆT (AD 968-1804) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a result of the liberation of the territory from Chinese dependence. Conquered by the Nguyễn dynasty. Capital - Hoa Ly (968-1010), Tan Long (1010-1398,1428-1789), Fu Xuan (1789-1804)
Вьетнам
DAKIAN KINGDOM (82 BC–AD 106) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the unification of the Geto-Dacian tribes. Conquered by the Roman Empire. Capital: Sarmizegetusa
Болгария Молдавия Румыния Сербия Украина Хорватия
DAL RIADA (AD 580–843) State, feudal, monarchical. Founded by the Irish on the territory. modern Great Britain (west coast of Scotland and northern Ireland). The capital is not defined. Merged with the Pictish Kingdom to form Scotland.
Великобритания
DAMASCUS (fr.) (AD 1920–1925) French-administered League of Nations mandate (State of Damascus). Formed on the territory of Syria (zone of British-French occupation). The capital is Damascus. It united with Aleppo (fr.), forming the mandated territory of the League of Nations under the control of France, Syria (fr.)
Сирия
DANELAG (AD 870-954) Territory, characterized by special legal and social systems (Area of ​​Danish law), formed as a result of the conquests of the Danish Vikings on the territory. modern Great Britain (in the north-eastern part of England). Annexed to England
Великобритания
DANISH ESTLAND (AD 1219–1227}, {1238–1346) State, monarchical (Duchy of Estonia). Danish possession. (It originated on the territory of modern Estonia as a result of the colonization of Northern Estonia by the Danes. Conquered by the Order of the Swordsman}, {Recreated. Became part of the Teutonic Order). The capital is Revel.
Латвия Эстония
DANISH INDIA (AD 1620-1869) Possession of Denmark. Formed on the territory of India as a result of the gains of Denmark. Capital - Fort Dansborg. Became a part of British India
Индия
DANISH WEST INDIA (AD 1672–1807}, {1815–1917) Possession of Denmark (Formed on the territory of the modern Virgin Islands (USA) in the founding of the colony by the Danish West Indies Company. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Transferred to the USA , named Virgin Islands (USA)). Capital - Charlotte Amalie (1672-1754 and 1871-1917), Christiansted (1754-1871)
Виргинские Острова (США)
DARFUR (AD 1603-1874) State, monarchy (Darfur Sultanate). Formed on the territory of modern Sudan based on the Kordofan Sultanate. He entered the Ottoman Empire. Capital - El Fasher
Судан
DEHEIBART (AD 920-1197) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of the union of Dyfed and Seysillug. The capital is Dinevur. Became part of Gwynedd
Великобритания
DEIRA (AD 559-616) State, feudal, monarchical. Founded by the Angles on the territory. modern Great Britain (North East England). The capital is not defined. Merged with Bernicia to form Northumbria.
Великобритания
DELHI SULTANATE (1206-1526},{1539-1555) State, feudal, monarchical. (Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from the State Gurids. Won in Mughal Empire}, {Separated from the Mughal Empire. Won in the Mughal Empire). Capital - Delhi.
Индия Nepal Пакистан Бангладеш
DEMERARA (Dutch) (AD 1745-1814) Colony of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory. modern Guyana as a result of separation from the colony of Essequibo (Dutch). Transferred to Great Britain. Capital - Stabruk
Гайана
DEMERARA-ESSEKIBO (Brit.) (AD 1814-1831) Colony of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Guyana as a result of the transfer of the colonies of Essequibo (Dutch) and Demerara (Dutch) To Great Britain and their unification. Merged with Berbys (Brit.) To form the colony of Guiana (Brit.)
Гайана
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA (AD 1918–1920) State, capitalist. Educated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. The capital is Yerevan. After the entry of Soviet troops and the proclamation of Soviet power, Armenia was transformed into the SSR.
Армения Турция
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO (AD 1997–) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of the renaming of Zaire. Capital - Kinshasa
ДР Конго
DENIS EMIRATE (AD 1010-1091) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Denia. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Испания
DENMARK (AD 935–1940},{1945–) Monarchical state (Kingdom of Denmark). (It originated on the territory of modern Denmark as a result of the merger of separate tribal groups into one territorial state. Occupied by Germany}, {Restored as a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition over Germany). Capital - Copenhagen
Великобритания Германия Дания Исландия Латвия Норвегия Польша Россия (СЗФО) Финляндия Эстония Швеция
DERBENT EMIRATE (AD 869-1071}, {1157-1240) State, feudal theocratic, Muslim. (It originated on the territory of modern Russia as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by the Seljuk State}, {Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Seljuk State. Conquered by the Mongols and included in the Golden Horde). The capital is Derbent.
Азербайджан Россия
DERBENT KHANATE (AD 1747–1806) State, feudal, Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the collapse of the Persian State of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Derbent.
Россия, (ЮФО)
DERPT BISHOPHOUSE (AD 1224–1558) State, feudal, theocratic (as part of the Principality of Terra Mariana, from 1435 as part of the Livonian Confederation (as part of the Holy Roman Empire)). Educated on the territory modern Estonia as a result of the conquests of the Order of the Sword. The capital is Dorpat (now Tartu). Conquered by the Russian Empire
Латвия Эстония
DEVA EMPIRE (AD 1230–1300) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result coming to power in Sena Empire Deva dynasty. Capital - Bikrampur. Conquered the Delhi Sultanate
Индия
DIAOCHA (1118–756 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of the unification of the tribes. Conquered by Urartu. Capital - Zua
Армения Грузия Турция
DILMUN (2800–605 BC) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Bahrain. Since 729 BC - a vassal of Assyria. Conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire
Бахрейн
DIOSCURIAS (500–102 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory. modern Georgia. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. Located in the center of present-day Sukhumi
Грузия
DIRI EMIRATE (AD 1744–1818) State, theocratic, Muslim. The first Saudi state, formed on the territory. modern Saudi Arabia by Muhammad ibn Saud. The capital is Ad-Diriya. Destroyed by the Ottoman Empire
Катар ОАЕ Оман Саудовская Аравия
DJIBOUTI (AD 1977–) State, capitalist (Republic of Djibouti). Formed on the territory of modern Djibouti as a result of the declaration of independence of Territory of Afar and Issa (Fr.). Capital - Djibouti
Джибути
DMITROVSK PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1280–1364) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Dmitrov
Россия Россия (ЦФО)
DOBRUDZHANSK PRINCIPALITY (AD 1371–1395) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of the collapse of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. The capital is Kaliakra. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate
Болгария Румыния
DODECANESS (it.) (AD 1912–1947) Colony of Italy. It was formed as a result of the occupation by Italy of part of the islands that belonged to the Ottoman Empire (now the territory of modern Greece). The capital is Rhodes. Became part of Greece
Греция
DOMINICA (AD 1978–) State, capitalistic, republic (Commonwealth of Dominica). Formed on the territory of modern Dominica. As a result of the proclamation of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Dominica (British). Capital - Roseau
Доминика
DOMINICA (Brit.) (AD 1763–1778}, {1784–1833}, {1962–1978) Possession of Great Britain (since 1967 - a state associated with Great Britain). (Formed on the territory of modern Dominica as a result of the occupation of the island by Great Britain. Occupied by France}, {Returned to Great Britain. It became part of the British Leeward Islands, in 1940 - became part of the British Windward Islands}, {After the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Britain), it was recreated as an independent colony. The independent state of Dominica was proclaimed). Capital - Roseau
Доминика
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (AD 1844–1861}, {1865–1916}, {1924–) State, capitalistic, republic. (Formed on the territory of the modern Dominican Republic as a result of secession from Haiti. Occupied by Spain}, {End of the Spanish occupation. Occupied by the USA}, {End of the US occupation). Capital - Santo Domingo
Доминиканская Республика Гаити
DRV (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM) (AD 1955-1976) State, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of the partition of the State of Vietnam. It united with South Vietnam, as a result, the SRV (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) was proclaimed. Capital - Hanoi
Вьетнам
DUBROVNICA REPUBLIC (AD 1358–1808) State, feudal, republic. Originated on the territory modern Croatia as a result of secession from the Venetian Republic. Conquered by France. Capital - Dubrovnik
Хорватия
DUCH OF SAVOIE (AD 1416–1720) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Turin (until 1653 - Chambéry). Changed to Sardinian Kingdom
Италия Швейцария Франция
DUCHIES OF ATHENS (AD 1205-1458) State, feudal, monarchical (vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, from 1224 - Principality of Achaea). Originated on the territory modern Greece. It was formed by the crusaders as a result of the 4th crusade on part of the territory of the former Byzantine Empire, separated from the Kingdom of Thessaloniki. The capital is Athens. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire
Греция
DUCHTY OF BAVARIA (AD 554–788) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the German tribes of the Bavarians. The capital is Regensburg. Conquered by the Frankish State
Австрия Германия
DUCHTY OF MILAN (AD 1395–1796) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Milan. Included in the Transpadance of the Republic
Италия Швейцария
DUCHTY OF MODENA (AD 1452–1796}, {1815–1859) State, monarchical (Duchy of Modena and Reggio). (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Entered the Cispadan Republic}, {Restored after the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic). It became part of the United Provinces of Central Italy). Capital -
Италия
DUCHTY OF WARSAW (AD 1807–1815) State, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Poland under the protectorate of Napoleonic France. Divided between Prussia, the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire. Capital - Warsaw
Белоруссия Литва Польша
DUchy OF FLORENCE (AD 1532–1569) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the establishment of a monarchical system in the Florentine Republic. The capital is Florence. Transformed into Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Италия
DUchy OF NEAPOLITAN (AD 1084-1144) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire (it existed as part of the Byzantine Empire from 840). The capital is Naples. Annexed to the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily
Италия
DUKAGGINI (AD 1389–1444) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Dukagjini). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from Zeta. Became part of the Lega League. Capital - Kruya
Албания
DUKETY OF LUCCA (AD 1815–1847) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Italy as a result of the restoration of independence from France in the Principality of Lucca and Piombino. The capital is Lucca. Annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Италия
DUKETY OF SAXONY (AD 555–797) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the Saxon tribes. The capital is Marklo. Conquered by the Frankish State
Германия Нидерланды
DUKLA (AD 850–917}, {1018–1170) State, feudal, monarchical (principality, from 1053 - kingdom). (It originated on the territory of modern Montenegro as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the First Bulgarian Kingdom}, {It left the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Conquered by Rashka). Capital - Bar
Албания Черногория
DUKY OF MANTUA (AD 1433-1745}, {1791-1796) State, monarchical (until 1530 - margraviate). (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Attached to the Duchy of Milan}, {Separated from the Duchy of Milan. Entered the Transpadan Republic). The capital is Mantua.
Италия
DUKY OF NAXOS (AD 1207–1579) State, feudal, monarchical (vassal of the Latin Empire). Originated on the territory modern Greece. Formed by the Venetian Republic as a result of the 4th crusade in part of the territory of the Latin Empire. The capital is Naxos. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire
Греция
DULCADIR (AD 1339–1516) State, feudal. Territory formed. modern Turkey as a result of separation from the state of Eretna. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Capitals - Marash, Malatya
Турция
DUmnonia (AD 410–710) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of the separation of the territory of the Cornwall Peninsula, inhabited by the Celts, from the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Caer Wisk (modern Exeter). Conquered by Wessex.
Великобритания
DUNNING (AD 1661–1683 State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Taiwan as a result of the capture of part of the territory of Formosa (Dutch) by supporters of the Ming dynasty. Included in the Chinese Qing Empire. Capital - Dongdu
Тайвань
DURANIAN POWER (AD 1747–1823) State, feudal monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Afghanistan as a result of the collapse of the Presidential power of Nadir Shah. Capitals - Kandahar (1747-1773), Kabul (1774-1823). Changed to Emirate of Afghanistan
Афганистан Индия Пакистан Туркменистан Иран
DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY (AD 1605-1800) Possession of Dutch. Formed on the territory of India as a result of the gains of the India. Capital - Cochin. Transferred to the Dutch India
Индия Indonesia
DUTCH EAST INDIES (AD 1800–1806},{1816–1942},{1945–1949) colony Netherlands. (Formed as a result of the transfer of power in the territory of modern Indonesia from the Dutch East India Company to the Batavian Republic. Came under the control of France, then (since 1811) - under the control of Great Britain}, {Returned to the Netherlands. Occupied by Japan}, {Freed from the Japanese Occupation Transformed into the Republic of Indonesia, proclaimed in 1945, recognized by the Netherlands in 1949) Capital - Batavia.
Indonesia
DUTCH INDIA (AD 1798-1825) Possession of Dutch. Formed as a result of warping Dutch colonies in India. Capital - Cochin. Became a part of British East India Company
Индия
DYVED (AD 410–920) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Dyved). Originated on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of the separation of the territory of South-West Wales, inhabited by the Celts, from the Western Roman Empire. The capital is not defined. Merged with Seisyllug to form Deheubarth.
Великобритания
DZHANIK (AD 1292-1393}, {1402-1428) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate).
Турция
DZHARO-BELOKAN JAMAAT (AD 1747–1803) State formation based on consanguinity. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Kingdom of Kakheti (pers.). Became part of the Russian Empire.
Азербайджан
DZUNGAR KHANATE (AD 1635–1755) State, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern China as a result of merger Oirat tribes. Conquered by Qing Empire. The capital was Ghulja
Казахстан Киргизстан Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China) Россия, (СибФО) Таджикистан

E

Испания Португалия

Историческая справка

Страна
EAST ENGLAND (AD 550–870) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of East Anglia). Founded by the Angles on the territory. modern Great Britain (in England). The capital is not defined. Conquered by the Danish Vikings who formed the Danelaw
Великобритания
EAST FRANKISH KINGDOM (AD 843–919) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Germany partition of the Frankish State. The capital is Regensburg. Renamed to German Kingdom
Австрия Бельгия Венгрия Германия Италия Лихтенштейн Люксембург Нидерланды Словения Сербия Франция Хорватия Швейцария
EAST HUNGARIAN KINGDOM (AD 1526–1571) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the conquest of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire. Changed to the Principality of Transylvania. Capital - undefined
Венгрия Румыния Сербия Украина
EASTERN CHALUKYAS (AD 624-1189) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of conquest Vishnukundina Chalukyas. Capital - Vengii. Сeased to exist
Индия
EASTERN KARA-KHANID KHANATE (AD 1040–1212) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of the collapse of Kara-Khanid Khanate. From 1141 - vassal of Qara Khitai. The capital was Balasagun (1040–1134), Kashgar (from 1134). Conquered by Qara Khitai
Казахстан Киргизстан Таджикистан Узбекистан PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia
EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (AD 395–476) State, slaveholding, monarchist. It was formed as a result of the division of the Roman Empire into the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Constantinople. Renamed to Byzantine Empire at the same time as the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Албания Болгария Боснияя и Герцеговина Греция Египет Израиль Иордания Ирак Кипр Ливан Ливия Македония Мальта Румыния Саудовская Аравия Сербия Сирия Турция Черногория
EAST TIMOR (AD 1975–1976},{2002–) State, republic (Democratic Republic of East Timor). (It was formed on the territory of modern East Timor as a result of the declaration of independence from Portugal. Occupied by Indonesia, since 1999 transferred under the protectorate of the UN Interim Administration in East Timor}, {Independence restored). The capital is Dili
Eastern Timor Indonesia Japan
EASTERN TIMOR (UN Protectorate) (AD 1999-2002) UN Protectorate under the control of the UN Transitional Administration in East Timor Formed on the territory of modern East Timor as a result of the liberation of East Timor from the occupation of Indonesia and transferring it under the control of the UN Interim Administration. The independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor was restored. Capital - Dili
Eastern Timor
EASTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE (AD 603–630) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Mongolia as a result of the collapse of Turkic Khaganate. Conquered by Tang dynasty. The capital was Ordu-Baliq
Россия PRC (People's Republic Of China)
Mongolia
EASTERN WEI (AD 534–550) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the division of the state of Northern Wei. Replaced by the state of Northern Qi. Capital - Luoyang (534), Yechen (534-550)
Republic Of Korea
EASTERN ZHOU (770–256 BC) Ancient kingdom. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the replacement of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It broke up into small kingdoms, united in the Qin Empire in 221 BC . Capital - Wangcheng
Republic Of Korea
ECUADOR (AD 1830–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Ecuador). Formed on the territory of modern Ecuador as a result of the withdrawal from Gran Colombia. Capital - Quito
Колумбия Эквадор
EDOM (1100–732 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Jordan. Conquered by Assyria
Египет Израиль Иордания
EGRISI (300–562 AD) Slaveholding, monarchical state, vassal of the Roman, then the Eastern Roman and Byzantine Empires. Originated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of secession from the Roman Empire. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. Capital - Archeopolis
Грузия
EGYPT (AD 1922–1958},{1971–) State, capitalist (AD 1922–1953 — Kingdom of Egypt, AD 1953–1958 — Republic of Egypt). (It was formed on the territory of modern Egypt as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain by the Sultanate of Egypt. United with Syria to form the state of the United Arab Republic (UAR); in 1961, Syria withdrew from the UAR}. {Transformed into the Arab Republic of Egypt). Capital - Cairo
Египет Израиль
EGYPT (ANCIENT) (3000–525 BC},{405–343 BC) State, slave-owning , monarchical. Was in the territory of modern Egypt. (Formed as a result of the merger of Upper Egypt и Lower Egypt. The capital was Memphis. Included in the composition of Achaemenid Empire},{Out of Achaemenid Empire. Conquered by Achaemenid Empire). The most distinguished rulers: Cheops (end of 2800-middle of 2600 BC) and others
Египет Израиль Иордания Кипр Ливан Ливия Сирия
EGYPT (Brit.) (AD 1914–1922) State (Sultanate of Egypt) under British protectorate. Educated on the territory modern Egypt as a result of the British occupation of part of the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Cairo. In 1922, the independent Kingdom of Egypt was proclaimed
Египет
EL SALVADOR (AD 1840-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of El Salvador). Formed on the territory of Nicaragua, following the withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Central America. Capital - San Salvador
Сальвадор
ELAM (2700–539 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iran. Separated from Mitanni. The capital is Susa. Conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire
Ирак Иран
ELEIA (648–327BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. conquered by Rome. The city became famous for its philosophers: Parmenides and Zeno
Италия
ELMET (AD 460-616) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Great Britain (in Scotland) as a result of separation from Rheged. The capital is not defined. Annexed to Northumbria.
Великобритания
EMIRATE OF ALGERIA (AD 1834–1847) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of detachment from Algeria (osm.). The capital is Maskar. Conquered by France and annexed to Algeria (fr.).
Алжир Ливия
EMIRATE OF BUKHARA (Russian) (AD 1868–1917) State, protectorate of the Russian Empire. Educated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the recognition by the Emirate of Bukhara of dependence on the Russian Empire. The capital is Bukhara. Re-established as an independent Emirate of Bukhara
Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
EMIRATE OF CARMONA (AD 1023-1069) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Carmona. Conquered by the Emirate of Seville
Испания
EMIRATE OF CORDOVA (AD 756-929}, {1031-1070) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. (Formed on the territory of modern Spain as a result of separation from the Abbasid Caliphate. Transformed into the Cordoba Caliphate}, {Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Cordoba Caliphate. Conquered by the Emirate of Seville). The capital is Cordoba.
Андорра Гибралтар Италия Испания Португалия Франция Гибралтар Испания Марокко Португалия Тунис
EMIRATE OF CRET (AD 826-961) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory O. Crete (modern Greece) as a result of the conquest of the island by the Arabs and its separation from the Byzantine Empire. Conquered by the Normans, who formed the County of Sicily
Греция
EMIRATE OF DANISHMENDIDOV (AD 1071-1157) State, feudal. Formed on the territory. modern Turkey as a result of the transfer to the Turkmen military leader of the Seljukids Danishmend Gazi of the territories conquered from the Byzantine Empire by the Seljuk State. Conquered by the Sultanate of Konya
Турция
EMIRATE OF HUELVA (AD 1023-1051) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Huelva. Conquered by the Emirate of Seville
Испания
EMIRATE OF MALAGA (AD 1010-1057) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Malaga. Divided by the Emirate of Seville and the Emirate of Granada
Гибралтар Испания
EMIRATE OF MALLORCA (AD 1076-1116) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain (Balearic Islands) as a result of separation from the Emirate of Denia. The capital is Palma. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Испания
EMIRATE OF NEJD (AD 1824–1891) State, theocratic, Muslim. The second Saudi state, recreated on the territory. modern Saudi Arabia. The capital is Riyadh. Conquered by Jebel Shammar
Катар Саудовская Аравия
EMIRATE OF NEJD AND KHASA (AD 1902–1921) State, theocratic, Muslim. The third Saudi state. Formed on the territory modern Saudi Arabia as a result of secession from Jebel Shammar. The capital is Riyadh. Became part of the Sultanate of Nejd
Саудовская Аравия
EMIRATE OF SEVILLE (AD 1023-1091) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Seville, from 1070 - Cordoba. Conquered by the Almoravid State
Гибралтар Испания Португалия
EMIRATE OF TOLEDO (AD 1029-1085) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Toledo. Conquered by León and Castile
Испания
EMIRATE OF UNIDOV (AD 1076-1253) State, Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Bahrain as a result of the conquest of the Carmatian State. Conquered by the State of Usfurids.
Бахрейн Катар
EMIRATE OF ZARAGOSA (AD 1018-1142) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Zaragoza. Conquered by Aragon
Испания
EMIRATE SILVIS (AD 1023-1063) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Silvish. Conquered by the Emirate of Seville
EMIRATE ZENGIDOV (AD 1127–1186) State, feudal. It was formed as a result of the transfer of power by the Sultan of the Seljuk State to the atabek (ruler) of the city of Mosul on the territory. modern Iraq. Conquered by the Ayyubid State
Иордания Ирак Иран Ливан Саудовская Аравия Сирия Турция
EMIRATES OF THE QAYSITS (AD 860-1040) State, Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire.
Турция
EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE MACEDONIAN (330–301 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Greece. Created by Alexander the Great, through the Macedonian conquest of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The capital is Babylon. It broke up into a number of states: the State of the Seleucids, Egypt of the Ptolemies, the State of Lissimachus
Азербайджан Албания Афганистан Бахрейн Болгария Греция Египет Израиль Индия Иордания Ирак Иран Казахстан Киргизстан Кипр Кувейт Ливан Ливия Македония Пакистан Румыния Сербия Сирия Таджикистан Туркменистан Турция Узбекистан
EMPIRE OF HARSHA (AD 606-647) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of conquests ruler Harsha Kannauj. Capital - Kannauj. Won state Gurjara-Pratihara
Бангладеш Индия
EMPIRE OF THE HUNS (AD 350–469) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the invasion of Eastern Europe by the Asian tribes of the Huns. The capital moved from the Volga region to Pannonia and back. Disintegrated under the onslaught of the Germanic tribes
Белоруссия Литва Молдавия Россия, (Калининград), (ЦФО), (ЮФО), Румыния Украина
EMPIRE OF TRAPEZUNDA (AD 1204–1461) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey by the grandchildren of the Byzantine emperor following the conquest of part of the Byzantine Empire by the crusaders. The capital is Trebizond. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
Турция Украина
ENGLAND (AD 927–1014}, {1042–1707) Monarchic state (Kingdom of England). (It originated on the territory of modern Great Britain as a result of the unification of seven kingdoms by King Aethelstan of Wessex: Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia. Conquered by Denmark}, {Recreated. United with Scotland to form Great Britain). Capital London.
Великобритания Ирландия Кипр Франция
EPIDAMN (627–167 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical, Greek colony. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Albania. Conquered by the Roman Republic (renamed Dyrrachium). Currently - the city of Durres. Cicero lived in exile in Dyrrhachia for a long time.
Албания
EPIR (330–167 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Greece as a result of secession from Macedonia (Ancient). Conquered by the Roman Republic. The capital is Passaron (330-295 BC), Ambracia (295-224 BC), Fenice (224-167 BC). Most prominent ruler: Pyrrhus (king of Epirus in 306–301 and 297–272 BC and Macedonia in 288–284 and 273–272 BC) — "Pyrrhic victory"
Албания Греция
EPIRUS DESPOTATE (AD 1204–1348}, {1371–1479) (State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory of modern Greece as a result of the collapse of the Byzantine Empire after the 4th crusade. Conquered by the Serbian kingdom}, {left the Serbian kingdom. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire). The capital is Arta.
Албания Болгария Греция Македония Турция
EQUATORIAL GUINEA (AD 1968–) Capitalist state (Republic of Equatorial Guinea). Formed on the territory of modern Equatorial Guinea as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Guinea (Sp.). Capital - Malabo (until 1973 Santa Isabel)
Экваториальная Гвинея
ERETNA (AD 1335-1398) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of secession from the state of Karaman. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capitals - Sivas (1335-1398), Erzincan (1375-1398)
Турция
Eretria (700–338 BC}, {280–146 BC) City-state. (Born on the territory of modern Greece. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Roman Republic)
Греция
ERGING (AD 616–755) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of secession from Gwent. The capital is Caer Arikon. Included in Gwent.
Великобритания
ERITREA (AD 1993–) State, capitalist, republic (State of Eritrea). Formed on the territory of modern Eritrea as a result of separation from Ethiopia. Capital - Asmara
Эритрея
ERITREA (It.) (AD 1882-1936) Possession of Italy. Formed on the terr of modern Eritrea as a result of the Italian conquest of Eritrea from the Ottoman Empire. Included in the Italian East Africa. Capital - Asmara
Эритрея
ERIVAN KHANATE (AD 1747–1828) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of separation from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Yerevan.
Армения Турция
ESHNUNNA (2500–2315 BC}, {2150–1770 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (Born in the territory of modern Iraq. Became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {Left out of Sumer and Akkad. Conquered by Babylonia)
Ирак
ESSEQUIBO (Dutch) (AD 1616–1814) The colony of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of Guyana as a result of the base by the river settlement Essequibo Dutch West India Company. Transferred to Great Britain Capitals - Fort Kyk-Over-Al (1616–1739), Fort Zeelandia (1739–1814)
Гайана
ESSEX (AD 527–825) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Essex). Founded by the Anglo-Saxons in the territory. modern Great Britain (in England). Capital London. Attached to Wessex.
Великобритания
ESTONIA (AD 1919–1940},{1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Estonia). (It originated on the territory of modern Estonia as a result of separation from Soviet Russia and the cessation of the existence of the Estonian Labor Commune}, {It became part of the USSR. Withdrew from the USSR). Capital - Tallinn
Эстония
Estonian Labor Commune (AD 1918–1919) State, socialist. Formed as a result of the liberation of the territory of modern. Estonia from German occupation and recognition of independence by Soviet Russia. The capital is Narva. Ceased to exist as a result of the liberation of the territory from the Red Army by the Republic of Estonia
Эстония
ESWATINI (AD 2018–) State, capitalist, monarchy (Kingdom of Eswatini). Formed on the territory of modern Eswatini as a result of the renaming of Swaziland. Capital - Mbabane (official), Lobamba (royal and parliamentary)
Эсватини
ETHIOPIA (AD 1270–1936}, {1944–) State, capitalist, republic (until 1974 - empire) (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia). (Born on the territory of modern Ethiopia as a result of the proclamation of the Ethiopian Empire. Included in the Italian East Africa}, {Recreated as a result of the end of the British military administration in Ethiopia). Capital - Addis Ababa
Эфиопия Эритрея
ETOLIA UNION (366–338 BC}, {280–146 BC) Federation of ancient Greek cities (polises). (It was formed on the territory of modern Greece. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Withdrawn from Macedonia (Ancient). Dissolved, became part of the Roman Republic)
Греция
Etruria (750–280 BC) A union of 12 city-states. Educated on the territory modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Италия
EZEL-VIK BISHOPHOUSE (AD 1228–1560) State, feudal, theocratic (as part of the Principality of Terra Mariana, since 1435 as part of the Livonian Confederation (as part of the Holy Roman Empire)). Educated on the territory modern Estonia as a result of separation from the Order of the Sword. The capitals are Leal (until 1251), Perona (1251–1265), Gapsal (1265–1381), Ahrensburg (now Kuressaare). Transferred to the possession of Denmark
Эстония

F

Историческая справка

Страна
FALKLAND ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1833–2021) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory. modern Falkland Islands (Brit.) as a result of the occupation of Great Britain. Capital - Stanley
Фолклендские Острова (Брит.) Южная Георгия и Южные Сандвичевы Острова (Брит.)
FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC (AD 1920–1922, November) Formally independent, democratic capitalist state. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. Became part of Soviet Russia. The capital is Verkhneudinsk; from October 1920 - Chita.
Россия, (ДФО), (СибФО)
FASIS (500–102 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory. modern Georgia. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus
Грузия
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF CENTRAL AMERICA (AD 1823-1840) State, Federal Republic. It was born on the territory of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador as a result of separation from Mexico. Collapsed. Capital - Guatemala (1823-1834), San Salvador (1834-1840)
Белиз Гватемала Гондурас Коста-Рика Никарагуа Сальвадор
FEDERATED MALAY STATES (Brit.) (AD 1895–1941) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the states of Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor. Occupied by Japan. The capital is Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA (AD 1986–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Federated States of Micronesia as a result of the withdrawal from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (USA) and the proclamation of independence. Capital - Palikir
Федеративные Штаты Микронезии
FEDERATION OF RHODESIA AND NYASALAND (Brit.) (AD 1953-1963) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi as a result of the unification of the possession of Northern Rhodesia (Brit.), Southern Rhodesia (Brit.) and Nyasaland (Brit.). Declared underdependence and divided into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia. Capital - Salisbury
Замбия Зимбабве Малави
FEDERATION OF SOUTH ARABIA (UK) (AD 1962–1967) State under British protectorate. Formed on the territory of Yemen as a result of separation from the Aden Protectorate (UK). Capital — Aden. Became part of the People's Republic of South Yemen
Йемен
FERRARA (AD 1471–1598) State, feudal, monarchical (Duchy of Ferrara). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Duchy of Modena. The capital is Ferrara. Became part of the Papal States
Италия
FESTUS (Dorian) (900–67 BC) City-state. Born on the territory O. Crete (modern Greece) after the settlement of the island by the Dorians. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Греция Турция
FESTUS (Minoan) (1900–1750 BC) City-state. It originated during the Minoan civilization on the territory. O. Crete (modern Greece). Conquered by Knossos
Греция
FEZZAN (fr.) (AD 1943–1951) Territory under British administration. Educated on the territory modern Libya as a result of the occupation by France of part of the territory of Libya (it.). The capital is Sebha. It became part of the independent state of Libya proclaimed on December 24, 1951
Ливия
FEZZAN (it.) (AD 1912–1934) Colony of Italy. It was formed as a result of the occupation by Italy of part of the Ottoman Empire on the territory. modern Libya. The capital is Sebha. Became part of the colony of Libya (it.)
Ливия
FIJI (AD 1970–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Fiji), until 1987 - dominion. Formed on the territory of modern Fiji as a result of Fiji's declaration of independence (UK). Capital - Suva
Фиджи
FIJI (Brit.) (AD 1874-1970) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Fiji as a result of the annexation of the Kingdom of Fiji. Independence from Great Britain is proclaimed. Capital - Levuka (1874-1877), Suva (1877-1970)
Фиджи
FINLAND (AD 1917–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Finland). Originated on the territory modern Finland as a result of separation from Soviet Russia (independence was proclaimed on December 6, 1917). Capital - Helsinki
Финляндия Россия (СЗФО)
FIRST BULGARIAN KINGDOM (AD 681–1018) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of the reconquest by the Proto-Bulgarian tribes led by Khan Asparuh of part of the territory of the Byzantine Empire. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. Capitals - Pliska (681-893) Preslav (893-972), Skopje (972-992), Ohrid (992-1018)
Болгария Босния и Герцеговина Венгрия Греция Македония Молдавия Румыния Сербия Украина Хорватия Черногория
FIVE DYNASTIES AND TEN KINGDOMS PERIOD IN CHINA (AD 907-960) The era of political upheavals in China on the territory of modern PRC, which began with the overthrow of the Tang dynasty and ended with the establishment of the Song dynasty
PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам
FLORENTINE REPUBLIC (AD 1115–1532) State, feudal, oligarchic republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Florence. Transformed into Duchy of Florence
Италия
FORMOSA (Dutch) (AD 1624–1668) Possession of the Netherlands (Dutch East India Company). Educated on the territory modern Taiwan as a result of the construction of forts by the Dutch East India Company. It ceased to exist as a result of the invasion of Taiwan by the Chinese army and the creation of the Kingdom of Tungning. The capital is Zeelandia
Тайвань
FORMOSA (Sp.) (AD 1626–1642) Possession of Spain. Educated on the territory modern Taiwan as a result of the capture of the northern coast by Spain. Conquered by Formosa (Dutch). The capital is San Salvador
Тайвань
FRANCE (AD 987–1940},{1944–) State, capitalist (French Republic). (It was formed on the territory of modern France as a result of the renaming of the West Frankish Kingdom. As a result of the defeat in the 2nd World War, it was occupied by Germany and Italy, the French state was created on part of the territory (Vichy regime), part of the territory was annexed to Germany}, {Restored as a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition over Germany.) The capital is Paris.
Албания Андорра Бельгия Ватикан Великобритания Германия Греция Испания Италия Люксембург Мальта Монако Нидерланды Франция Хорватия Швейцария
FRANCE (zone of German occupation) (AD 1940–1944) Territory of modern. France, temporarily occupied by Germany in World War II
Франция
FRANCE (zone of Italian occupation) (AD 1940–1944) Territory of modern. France, temporarily occupied by Italy in World War II
Франция
Frankish State (AD 481-843) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Germany in the process of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the conquest of the Roman province of Gaul by the Franks. The capital is Aachen. Divided into three states: West Frankish Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and East Frankish Kingdom
Австрия Андорра Бельгия Великобритания Венгрия Германия Испания Италия Лихтенштейн Люксембург Монако Нидерланды Словения Франция Хорватия Швейцария
FREE CITY OF DANZIG (AD 1920–1939) City-state, republic. Educated on the territory modern Poland as a result of secession from Germany in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles under the protectorate of the League of Nations. Attached to Germany. The capital is Danzig (modern Gdansk)
Польша
FREE CITY OF FRANKFURT (AD 1813–1866) City-state. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the division of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (it existed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803–1806). In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capital - Frankfurt
Германия
FREE TERRITORY OF TRIESTE (AD 1947–1954) modern Italy by UN decision. The capital is Trieste. Divided between Italy and Yugoslavia
Италия Словения Хорватия
FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA (AD 1910-1958) Possession of France, federation of colonies. Formed on the territory of modern Gabon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) as a result of the unification of the colonies Gabon (Fr.), Ubangi-Shari-Chad (Fr.), Middle Congo (Fr.). It ceased to exist and was divided into the colonies of Ubangi-Shari (Fr.), Chad (Fr.), Congo (Fr.), Gabon (Fr.). Capital - Brazzaville
Центральноафриканская Республика Chad Республика Конго Габон Камерун
FRENCH FLORIDA (AD 1562-1565) French colony. Formed on the territory of USA as a result of the base of the French Huguenots settlements. Spain conquered and became part of Spanish Florida. Capital - Fort Caroline
США
FRENCH INDIA (AD 1668-1956) Possession of France. Formed on the territory of India as a result of the gains of France. Capital - Pondichery. Became a part of India
Индия
FRENCH INDOCHINA (AD 1887–1940}, {1945–1954) Possession of French (Indochina Union). (Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam and Cambodia as a result of the unification of the French protectorates of Annam, Cambodia and the Cochin Khin colony; in 1889 - Laos (Fr.) was included, in 1898 - Guangzhouwan (Fr.). Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. Independence from France was proclaimed and the independent states of Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam were formed). Capital - Hanoi.
Камбоджа Laos Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China)
FRENCH LOUISIANA (AD 1682-1762}, {1800-1803) French colony (as part of New France). (Formed on the territory of USA as a result of the colonization of the region by France. Became part of New Spain}, {Returned France. Given to the US). Capitals - Mobil (1702-1720), New Orleans (after 1723)
Канада США
FRENCH OCCUPATION ZONE OF GERMANY (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of German territory occupied by France as a result of Germany's defeat in World War II. The Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed on the territory of the British, French and American zones of occupation. The headquarters of the occupation troops is Baden-Baden.
Германия
FRENCH OVERSEAS TERRITORY IN OCEANIA (AD 1880-1957) Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern French Polynesia as a result of the unification of French possessions in Oceania. Capital - Papeete
Французская Полинезия
FRENCH POLYNESIA (AD 1957–) Possession of France (since 2004 - overseas community). Formed on the territory ща modern French Polynesia as a result of the renaming of the French possessions in Oceania. Capital - Papeete">
Французская Полинезия
FRENCH SECTOR OF THE OCCUPATION OF BERLIN (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of the territory of Berlin occupied by France as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. A special political entity was created on the territory of the British, French and American sectors of occupation - West Berlin
Германия
FRENCH STATE (Vichy regime) (AD 1940–1944) Formed on the territory. Modern France. The collaborationist regime of France during its occupation by Nazi Germany. Capital - Vichy
Франция
FRENCH SUDAN (Fr.) (AD 1890-1895) Possession of France, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Mali as a result of the change of the colony of Upper Senegal (Fr.). It became part of French West Africa. Capital - Bamako
Мали Мавритания Нигер
FRENCH WEST AFRICA (AD 1895-1958) Possession of France, federation of colonies. Formed on the territory of modern Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal as a result of the unification of the colonies of French Sudan, Guinea (Fr.), Ivory Coast (Fr.) and Senegal (Fr.). It ceased to exist and was divided into the colonies of the Ivory Coast (Fr.), Upper Volta (Fr.), Guinea (Fr.), Dahomey (Fr.), Mauritania (Fr.), Niger (Fr.), Senegal (Fr. ), French Sudan. Capitals - St. Louis (1895-1902), Dakar (1902-1958)
Бенин Буркина-Фасо Гвинея Кот-д’Ивуар Мавритания Мали Нигер Сенегал Того
FUNAN (AD 68-627) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Cambodia as the first Khmer state. Conquered by the state of Chenla. Disintegrated. The capital is Vadhyapura
Камбоджа Myanma Таиланд Вьетнам Laos
FUTA JALLON (AD 1725-1891) Theocratic State (Imamat Futa Jallon). Formed on the territory of modern Guinea as a result of the Fula jihad. As a result of the establishment of the protectorate of France, it became part of Guinea (Fr.). Capital - Timbo
Гвинея Гвинея Гвинея-Бисау

G

Историческая справка

Страна
GABON (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Gabonese Republic). Formed on the territory of modern Gabon as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Gabon (Fr.). Capital - Libreville
Габон
GABON (Fr.) (AD 1883-1886}, {1903-1910}, {1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic (since 1958). (Formed on the territory of modern Gabon as a result of France's establishment of a protectorate over local tribes. It became part of the Congo colony (Fr.)}, {Withdrawn from the Congo (Fr.). It became part of French Equatorial Africa}, {Withdrawn from French Equatorial Africa. The independence of Gabon is proclaimed). Capital - Libreville
Габон
GADES (1100–600 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Phoenicians on the territory. modern Spain Conquered by Carthage. Today in its place is the city of Cadiz.
Испания
GALATIA (228–25 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Turkey (Separated from the Seleucid State). The capital is Ankira (modern Ankara). It became part of the Roman Empire.
Турция
GALICIA-VOLYNIA PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1392) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the fall of the Galicia-Volyn principality under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. The capitals are Galich (1240–1245), Lvov (1272–1349), Lutsk (1349–1387), Vladimir-Volynsky (1387–1392). Divided between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Белоруссия Польша Украина
GALLIC EMPIRE (AD 260-274) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Francimi as a result of secession from the Roman Empire. The capital is Colonia Agrippina. It became part of the Roman Empire.
Андорра Бельгия Великобритания Германия Испания Италия Люксембург Нидерланды Португалия Франция Швейцария
GANDHARA (AD 700–515 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of Pakistan as a result of state formation in the Indian people of Gandhara. Capital — Taxila. Conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
Афганистан Индия Пакистан
GANJA EMIRATE (AD 951–1071) State, feudal theocratic, Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Salarid State. Conquered by the Seljuk State. The capital is Ganja.
Азербайджан
GANJA KHANATE (AD 1747–1804) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Ganja.
Азербайджан Армения
GAZNEVID STATE (AD 963–1186) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Afghanistan as a result of secession from the Samanid State. Capitals - Ghazni (963-1151), Lahore (1151-1187). Conquered by the Ghurid State.
Афганистан Индия Иран Казахстан Киргизстан Пакистан Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
GELA (690–280 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Destroyed by Syracuse.
Италия
GELEDI (AD 1700-1889) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Geledi). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia as successor to Imamat Ajuran. It became part of Somalia (It.). Capital - Afgoye
Сомали
GEORGIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Georgia). Originated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Tbilisi
Грузия
GEORGIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (AD 1918–1921) State, capitalist. Educated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. The capital is Tbilisi. After the entry of Soviet troops and the proclamation of Soviet power, it was transformed into the Georgian SSR
Азербайджан Армения Грузия Турция
GEORGIAN KINGDOM (AD 1008-1245}, {1353-1466) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical. The capital is Tbilisi. (It arose on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of the unification of Georgian lands by Bagrat III on the basis of the Tao-Klardzhet Principality. Conquered by the Mongol Empire}, {Restored independence after the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Saatabago)
Азербайджан Армения Грузия Россия Турция
GEORGIAN SSR (AD 1921–1922, March) State, socialist (Georgian Socialist Soviet Republic). Educated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in the Georgian Democratic Republic. The capital is Tbilisi. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR
Грузия
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (GDR) (AD 1949–1990) State, socialist. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the proclamation of the German Democratic Republic on the territory of the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany and the Soviet sector of the occupation of Berlin. It became part of Germany. Capital - East Berlin
Германия
GERMAN EAST AFRICA (AD 1885-1916) Possession of Germany, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the colonization of the territory by the German East African Society and the transfer of the colonized lands to the protectorate of Germany. It was occupied by Great Britain and later (from 1919) it was transferred under the mandate control of Great Britain as Tanganyika (Brit.). Capital - Bagamoyo (until 1890), Dar es Salaam (from 1890)
Бурунди Руанда Танзания
GERMAN NEW GUINEA (AD 1885-1914}, {1919-1919) Possession of Germany, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands (USA), Palau, Nauru as a result of the annexation of the northeast of New Guinea and other islands by Germany}, {Occupirwana by Australia (northeast of New Guinea Island, Nauru Island) and Japan (the rest of the islands). The occupation regime was terminated, transferred under the mandate control of Australia (New Guinea) and Japan (South Pacific Mandate). Capital - Finshafen (1885-1891), Friedrich-Wilhelm-Hafen (1891-1899), Herbertshohe (1899-1910), Rabaul (1910-1919)
Маршалловы Острова Науру Палау Папуа – Новая Гвинея Соломоновы Острова Федеративные Штаты Микронезии Северные Марианские Острова (США)
GERMANY (AD 1871–1945}, {1949–) State, capitalist (until 1943 - the German Empire, since 1949 - the Federal Republic of Germany). (It originated on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the unification of the German states around Prussia. Divided into zones of occupation by the countries - winners in the 2nd World War: USSR, USA, Great Britain, France}, {Recreated on the territory of the zones of occupation of the USA, Great Britain and France ). Capitals - Berlin (in 1949-1990 - Bonn).
Австрия Албания Белоруссия Бельгия Великобритания Германия Греция Дания Латвия Литва Люксембург Македония Молдавия Нидерланды Норвегия Польша Португалия Россия (Калининград), (ЦФО), (СЗФО), (ЮФО), Сербия Словакия Словения Украина Франция Черногория Чехия Эстония
GERMIYAN (AD 1300–1390}, {1402–1429) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). The capital is Kutahya
Турция
GERSIK PRINCIPALITY (AD 1190–1209) State, feudal, monarchical, specific principality (vassal of the Principality of Polotsk, from 1209 - Archbishopric of Riga). Originated on the territory modern Latvia as a result of secession from the Principality of Polotsk. The capital is Gertsik. Conquered by the Order of the Sword
Латвия
GHANA (AD 1957–) State, capitalist (Republic of Ghana). Formed on the territory of modern Ghana as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of the Gold Coast (Brit.). Capital - Accra
Гана
GHANA EMPIRE (AD 300-1240) Ancient state (another name for Wagadu). Formed on the territory of modern Mali by the people of the soninka. Conquered by the Mali Empire. Capital - Kumbi-Sale
Мавритания Мали
GHIROKASTR (AD 1367–1417) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Gjirokastra). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from the Despotate of Epirus. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capital - Gjirokastra
Албания
GHURID SULTANATE (AD 1148–1215) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of Afghanistan as a result of separation from Ghaznavid Empire. Capital - Ghazni, Lahore. Conquered by the Khwarazmian Empire
Афганистан Бангладеш Индия Nepal Пакистан
GIBRALTAR (Brit.) (AD 1713–) Possession of Great Britain. Educated on the territory modern Gibraltar as a result of the British seizing the territory of Gibraltar from Spain. The capital is Gibraltar.
Гибралтар
GILBERT AND ELLIS ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1892-1941}, {1943-1975) Possession of Great Britain, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Kiribati as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the Gilbert and Ellis Islands. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. Divided into the colonies of Gilbert Island (Brit.) and Tuvalu (Brit.). Capital - Tarawa.
Кирибати Тувалу Токелау (Нов. Зел.)
GILBERT ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1976-1979) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Kiribati as a result of the division of the colony of Gilbert and Ellis Islands (Brit.) into Gilbert Islands (Brit.) and Tuvalu (Brit.). Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and the Republic of Kiribati was created. Capital - South Tarawa
Кирибати
GIMERA (648-408 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Destroyed by Carthage
Италия
GLEAVISING (AD 450–942) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Gleevising). Founded by the Celts on the territory. modern Great Britain (in Wales). The capital is not defined. Merged with Gwent to form Morgannug.
Великобритания
GODODIN (AD 470-638) State, feudal, monarchical. Based on the territory modern Great Britain (in the south of Scotland) by the Britons. The capitals are Traprine Low, Dean Eidin (modern Edinburgh). Conquered by Northumbria.
Великобритания
GOGURYEO (37 BC–AD 668) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Republic of Korea as a result of the unification of tribal unions. Conquered by the State of Silla. Capitals - Gongne (15-427), Pyongyang (427-668)
PRC (People's Republic Of China) KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Republic Of Korea
GÖKTÜRK KHAGANATE (AD 682–745) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Mongolia as a result of the restoration of the independence of the former Eastern Turkic Khaganate and its separation from the Tang Empire. After the seizure of power by the Uygur tribes, it ceased to exist and was transformed into the Uyghur Khaganate. The capital was Ordu-Baliq
Россия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia
GOLCONDA SULTANATE (AD 1518–1687) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Bahmani Sultanate. Capital - Golconda. Conquered by the Mughal Emperor
Индия
GOLD COAST (Brit.) (AD 1821-1957) Possession of Great Britain, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern Ghana as a result of the conquest of part of the territory of the state of Ashanti. The independent state of Ghana is proclaimed. Capital - Accra
Гана
GOLDEN HORDE (AD 1240–1481) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Russia in the process of the collapse of the Mongol Empire into a number of independent states. The capital was Sarai Batu. Separated into separate khanates
Казахстан Молдавия Россия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Румыния Таджикистан Узбекистан Украина
GORKHA (AD 1559–1768) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Gorkha) Originated on the territory of modern Nepal as a confederation of 24 principalities. After unification with other principalities, it was transformed into the Kingdom of Nepal. Capitals - Gorkha
Nepal
GORODENSKY PRINCIPALITY (AD 1101–1241) State, feudal, Slavic, specific principality. Originated on the territory modern Belarus as a result of separation from the Principality of Polotsk. Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Grodno
Белоруссия
GORTINA (900–67 BC) City-state. Born on the territory O. Crete (modern Greece) after the settlement of the island by the Dorians. Conquered by the Roman Republic
Греция
GORYEO (AD 918–1392) State, monarchical (in 1259–1368 a vassal of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol Yuan Empire). Originated on the territory modern North Korea and the Republic of Korea as a result of the fall of the state of Silla. As a result of the coming to power of the Joseon Dynasty, it was transformed into the Kingdom of Joseon. Capitals - Gaegyeong (936-1232), Ganghwa (1232-1270), Gaegyeong (1270-1392)
Republic Of Korea KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic)
GRAN COLOMBIA (AD 1819-1831) State Republic. It was born on the territory of Colombia, as a result of the defeat of Spain in the War of Independence and the independence of New Granada. It was divided into three states: New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador. Capital - Bogota
Панама Колумбия Бразилия Эквадор Перу
GRANADA EMIRATE (AD 1012-1090}, {1238-1492) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. (It originated on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba (Emirate of the Zirids). Conquered by the Almoravid State}, {Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Almohad State. Conquered by Spain) Capital - Granada.
Италия Мальта Марокко
GRAND DUCHTY OF FRANKFURT (AD 1810–1813) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the transformation of the Principality of Aschaffenburg and the accession to it of a number of territories occupied by France. Divided between the Free City of Frankfurt and Bavaria. Capital - Aschaffenburg
Германия
GRAND DUCHTY OF TUSCANY (AD 1569–1801}, {1815–1859) State, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of the renaming of the Florentine Duchy. Transformed into the Kingdom of Etruria}, {Restored after the end of the French occupation. Became part of the United Provinces of Central Italy). Capital - Florence
Италия
GREAT ARMENIA (190 BC - AD 387) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of secession from the Seleucid State. The capitals are Armavir (until the middle of the 2nd century BC), Artaxata (arm. Artashat) (middle of the 2nd century BC - AD 387), Tigranakert (77–56 BC), Vagharshapat (AD 163–330). Divided between the Persian Sassanid Empire and the Roman Empire. Most notable ruler: Tigranes II [95–56 BC]
Грузия Ирак Иран Ливан Сирия Турция
GREAT BRITAIN (AD 1707–) Capitalist, monarchical state (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Formed on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of the union of England with Scotland. Capital London.
Великобритания Греция Ирландия
GREAT BULGARIA (AD 632–671) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the unification of the Bolarian tribes. It ceased to exist as a result of the onslaught of the Khazars (the Bulgarian hordes migrated beyond the Danube). Capital - Phanagoria
Россия, (ЮФО), Украина
GREAT LEBANON (fr.) (AD 1920–1926) Mandate territory of the League of Nations administered by France (State of Greater Lebanon). Formed on the territory of Syria (zone of British-French occupation). The capital is Beirut. Transformed into a mandated territory of the League of Nations under the administration of France Lebanon (fr.)
Ливан
GREAT MORAVIA (AD 833–906) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Czech Republic as a result of the unification of Slavic tribes. The capital is Mikulchitsy. Disintegrated as a result of defeat from the Hungarian tribes
Австрия Венгрия Германия Польша Румыния Сербия Словакия Словения Украина Хорватия Чехия
GREAT PRINCIPALITY OF LITHUANIA (AD 1236–1569) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Lithuania as a result of the unification of Lithuanian lands by Prince Mindovg. It united with Poland in the confederation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Capital - Vilnius
Белоруссия Латвия Литва Молдавия Польша Россия
Россия (ЦФО)
Россия (СЗФО) Украина Эстония
GREECE (AD 1830–1941}, {1944–) Capitalist state (the Hellenic Republic, until 1973 - the Kingdom of Greece). (It was formed on the territory of modern Greece as a result of separation from the Ottoman Empire. Occupied by Germany, Italy, Bulgaria}, {Freed from occupation.) Capital - Athens
Греция
GREEK-BACTRIAN KINGDOM (256–125 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Afghanistan as a result of secession from the Seleucid State. The capital is Baktra. Destroyed by the nomadic tribes of the Tokhars, the heirs of the Greco-Bactrian kings founded the Indo-Greek kingdom
Афганистан Индия Иран Казахстан Киргизстан Пакистан Таджикистан Туркменистан Узбекистан
GRENADA (AD 1974–) State, capitalistic. Formed on the territory. modern Grenada as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Grenada (Brit.). Capital - Saint Georges
Гренада
GRENADA (Brit.) (AD 1962-1974) Possession of Great Britain (since 1967 - a state associated with Great Britain). Formed on the territory. modern Grenada as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.). The independent state of Grenada is proclaimed. Capital - Saint Georges
Гренада
GRENADA (Fr.) (AD 1649-1762}, {1779-1833) Possession of France, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Grenada as a result of the conquest of the island of Grenada by France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Became part of the British Windward Isles). Capital - Saint Georges
Гренада
GRIKVALAND EAST (AD 1862-1879) State of Griqua (from 1874 - British possession). Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the relocation of the Griqua group to no man's land. It became part of the Cape Colony (Brit.). Capital - Kokstad
Южно-Африканская Республика
GRIKVALAND WEST (AD 1870-1871) State of Griqua. Formed on the territory modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the seizure of the territory of the Hoi-Hoi and Bushmen peoples by the Griqua group. It became part of the Cape Colony (Brit.). Capital - Kimberley
Южно-Африканская Республика
GUADELOUPE (Fr.) (AD 1674-1759}, {1763-1810}, {1814-) Possession of France, overseas department. (Formed on the territory of modern Guadeloupe (Fr.) as a result of the conquest of the island by France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation). Capital - Bas-Ter
Гваделупа (Фр.) Сен-Бартелеми (Фр.) Сен-Мартен (Фр.)
GUAM (Sp.) (AD 1668-1898) Possession of Spain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Guam (USA) as a result of the declaration of the island as a Spanish colony. Transferred to the USA
Гуам (США)
GUAM (USA) (AD 1898–1941}, {1944–) Possession of the USA (Territory of Guam). (Formed on the territory of modern Guam (USA) as a result of the transfer of the island of Guam (Spanish) to the USA. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. Returned to the USA). Capital - Hagatna.
Гуам (США)
GUATEMALA (AD 1840-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Guatemala). Formed on the territory of Nicaragua, following the withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Central America. Capital - Guatemala
Гватемала
GUIANA (Brit.) (AD 1831-1966) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Guyana as a result of the unification of the colonies of Essequibo-Demerara and Berbis (until 1814 - belonged to the Netherlands). The independent state of Guyana is proclaimed. Capital - Georgetown
Гайана
GUIANA (Fr.) (AD 1797–1809}, {1817–) Possession of France, overseas department. (Formed on the territory of modern Guiana (Fr.) as a result of the conquest by France. Occupied by Portugal}, {Returned. France). Capital - Cayenne
Гвиана (Фр.)
GUINEA (AD 1958–) State, capitalist (Republic of Guinea). Formed on the territory of modern Guinea as a result of the secession from French West Africa and the declaration of independence from France. Capital - Conakry
Гвинея
GUINEA (Fr.) (AD 1891–1895) Possession of France, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Guinea as a result of renaming the colony Rivières du Sud (Fr.) into Guinea (Fr.). It became part of French West Africa. Capital - Conakry
Гвинея
GUINEA (Port.) (AD 1879-1973) Possession of Portugal, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Guinea-Bissau as a result of separation from the Cape Verde Island (Port). Capital - Bolama (1879-1942), Bissau (1942-1973)
Гвинея-Бисау
GUINEA (Sp.) (AD 1778-1968) Possession of Spain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Equatorial Guinea as a result of the Spanish conquest of the island of Fernando Po. Equatorial Guinea proclaimed its independence. Capital - Santa Isabel
Экваториальная Гвинея
GUINEA-BISSAU (AD 1973–) Capitalist state (Republic of Guinea-Bissau). Formed on the territory of modern Guinea-Bissau as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Portugal Guinea (Port.). Capital - Bissau
Гвинея-Бисау
GUJARAT SULTANATE (AD 1407–1573) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Capitals - Anhilwad Patan (1407–1411), Ahmedabad (1411–1484, 1535–1573), Muhammadabad (1484–1535). Conquered by the Mughal Emperor
Индия
GUPTA EMPIRE (AD 320–600) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the proclamation of the king representative Gupta Chandragupta I. Capital - Pataliputra. Disintegrated
Бангладеш Индия Мьянма Nepal Пакистан
GURIAN PRINCIPALITY (AD 1463–1555) State, feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the Georgian kingdom. The capital is Ozurgeti. Fell into vassalage from the Ottoman Empire
Грузия
GURJARA-PRATIHARA (AD 647–1036) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of collapse of the Empire of Harsha. Capital - Kannauj. Won Ghaznavid Empire
Бангладеш Индия Nepal
GUYANA (AD 1966–) State, capitalistic, republic (Cooperative Republic of Guyana). Formed on the territory. modern Guyana as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in Guiana (Brit.). Capital - Georgetown
Гайана
GWENT (AD 500–942) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Gwent). Founded by the Celts on the territory. modern Great Britain (in Wales). The capitals are Cairwent, Portskevet. Merged with Gleevising to form Morgannug
.
Великобритания
Gwynedd (AD 440–1216) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Gwynedd). Based on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) by the leader of the Celtic tribe of Votadins Kuneda. The capitals are Deganui, Aberfrau, Hart-Kälin. Changed to Principality of Wales
Великобритания

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Историческая справка

Страна
HABSBURG EMPIRE (AD 1526–1804) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Austria as a result of the accession to the Archduchy of Austria of the Czech Republic and Hungary. The capital is Vienna. Transformed into the Austrian Empire. "">
HADHRAMAUT (750 BC – AD 280) State, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Yemen. Сonquered by Himyar. Capital — Shabwa">
HAFSIDI STATE (AD 1237-1574) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Tunisia in part of the territory of the Almohad State. The capital is Tunis. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. "">
HAITI (AD 1804–1915}, {1936–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Haiti; in 1804–1806, 1849–1859 - Empire of Haiti, in 1806–1811 - State of Haiti, 1811–1820 - Kingdom of Haiti). (Formed on the territory of modern Haiti as a result of the proclamation of independence from France in the colony of San Domingo (Fr.). Occupied by the USA}, {Termination of the occupation). Capital - Port-au-Prince">
HAMAT (1000–732 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Syria. Educated by the Arameans. The capital is Hamat (modern Hama). Conquered by Assyria "">
HAMBURG (AD 1806–1807},{1814–1871) City-state (Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg). (It was formed on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (it was formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1510). Attached to France}, {Recreated. Became part of united Germany). In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 he was a member of the North German Confederation. Capital - Hamburg "">
HAMID (AD 1300–1390}, {1402–1425) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capital - Egerdir "">
HAN (206 BC – AD 9}, {AD 24–220) Ancient state (Han Empire). (Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the overthrow of the Qin dynasty. Power transfer to the Xin dynasty}, {Restoration of the Han dynasty (Eastern Han). Broken up into the kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. Capital - Chang'an, Luoyang>
Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China) KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Mongolia Republic Of Korea
HANOVER (AD 1814–1866) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Hanover). Formed on the territory modern Germany, as a result of the defeat of Napoleon in the territory of the former Electorate of Hanover (part of the Holy Roman Empire), included part of the territory of Prussia and the regions occupied by France. In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capital is Hannover "">
HANTHAWADDY (AD 1287–1552) State, monarchical (other names - Pegu, Ramannadesa). Formed on the territory modern Myanmar as a result of secession from the state of Bagan. It became part of the kingdom of Taungoo. Capital - Tathoun (1287-1369), Pegu (1369-1539)">
Мьянма
HARAPPA (2600 –1700 BC) City State Indus Valley Civilization, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Pakistan. Aryan tribes destroyed">
HAWAII (AD 1810-1898) State (until 1984 - the Kingdom of Hawaii, from 1894 - Republic of Hawaii). Formed on the territory of US merger Hawaii King Kamehameha I. Islands became part of the United States (since 1959 - the state). Capital - Laayna (up to 1845), Honolulu (after 1845)">
HELVETIC REPUBLIC (AD 1798–1803) State, capitalist. Educated on the territory modern Switzerland as a result of the transformation of Switzerland as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. Changed to Switzerland. Capital - Bern "">
HEPHTHALITE EMPIRE (AD 420–567) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Afghanistan as a result of the conquest of Hephthalites (White Huns) part of the territory of Sasanian Empire. Conquered by Sasanian Empire">
Афганистан Индия Иран Казахстан Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Пакистан Таджикистан Туркмения Узбекистан" "
HERACLEA (550–88 BC) City-state (Heraclea Pontica), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. Now - the city of Eregli (Türkiye). "">
HERETI (787–959 AD) State, feudal, monarchical, Georgian. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by the Kakhetian kingdom. Capital - Sheki "">
HERMONASSA (500–480 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from about. Lesbos on the territory modern Russia. Became part of the Bosporan kingdom "">
HERZEGOVINA (AD 1448–1482) State, feudal, monarchical (Duchy of Herzegovina). Originated on the territory modern Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of secession from Bosnia. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Capital - Mostar "">
HESSEN (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy of Hesse, from 1816 — Grand Duchy of Hesse and on the Rhine). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1806–1813 he was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815–1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867–1871 he was partly a member of the North German Confederation (Upper Hesse). Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Darmstadt "">
HESSEN-KASSEL (AD 1813–1866) State, monarchical (Electorate of Hesse-Kassel). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the division of the Kingdom of Westphalia (it existed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803–1806). In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capital - Kassel "">
HETMANSHINA (AD 1649–1654) State, feudal, Ukrainian; a republic with elements of a monarchy (the official name is the Zaporozhye Host). It arose on the territory. modern Ukraine as a result of an uprising led by Bogdan Khmelnitsky and separation from the Commonwealth. Attached to the Russian kingdom (the Hetmanate existed as part of the Russian Empire until 1764). Capitals - Chigirin, Gadyach, Baturin, Glukhov "">
HIJAZ (AD 1910–1926) State, feudal, theocratic, Muslim (Kingdom of Hijaz). Charged on the territory. modern Saudi Arabia as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Mecca. Became part of the Kingdom of Nejd and Hijaz "">
HIMYAR (110 BC – AD 525) State slave, monarchic (Himyarite Kingdom). Arose in the territory of Yemen by combining himyarite tribes. Conquered the Kingdom of Aksum. From 4 century Judaism became the state religion. Capital — Zafar.">
Hobyo (AD 1878-1889) State, monarchy (Sultanate Hobyo). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia as a result of the conquest of the Sultanate of Majirtin. It became part of Somalia (It.). Capital - Hobyo">
HOGENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN (AD 1806–1850) State, monarchical (Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1623 as a result of the transformation of the County of Hohenzollern-Hechingen). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1850 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capital: Hechingen "">
HOGENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN (AD 1806–1850) State, monarchical (Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1623 as a result of the transformation of the County of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1850 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capital - Sigmaringen "">
HOLSTEIN (AD 1110–1386}, {1474–1863) State, feudal (County (since 1474 duchy) of Holstein). (It originated on the territory of modern Germany as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Merged with the Duchy of Schleswig, forming the County of Schleswig-Holstein},{Recreated as a result of the division of the County of Schleswig-Holstein as the Duchy of Holstein. became part of Prussia). It was repeatedly in vassalage from Denmark or the Holy Roman Empire. Capital is Kiel "">
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (AD 962–1232/1806) State, feudal, monarchical (Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation). Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the adoption of the title of emperor by the king of the German Kingdom Otto I. As a real state existed until AD 1232, it broke up into separate, virtually independent principalities. Officially liquidated in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars "">
HONDURAS (AD 1838-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Honduras). Formed on the territory of Honduras, following the withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Central America. Capital - Tegucigalpa">
HONG KONG (Brit.) (AD 1841-1941}, {1945-1997) Possession of Great Britain. (Formed on the territory of of modern PRC as a result of Britain's secession of Hong Kong Island from the Chinese Qing Empire. Occupied by Japan}, {Returned to Great Britain. Attached to PRC). Capital - Victoria.">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
HORMUZ (port.) (AD 1507–1622) Possession of Portugal. Formed as a result of the conquest by Portugal of part of the territory of the Ak-Koyunlu State. Conquered by the Persian Safavid Empire "">
HOWLAND ISLAND (Brit.) (AD 1886-1935) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Howland Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island from the USA by Great Britain. Transferred to the USA">
HOWLAND ISLAND (USA) (AD 1857–1886}, {1935–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). (Formed on the territory of modern Howland Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island by the USA. Annexed by Great Britain}, {Returned to the USA)">
HOYSALA EMPIRE (AD 1026–1343) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from Western Chalukyas. Capital - Halebidu. Won Vijayanagara Empire">
HULAGUID STATE (AD 1256–1353) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of separation from the Mongol Empire by the grandson of Genghis Khan Hulagu Khan. The capitals are Maragha, Tabriz, Soltaniye. It broke up into several states (the State of the Jalairids, the State of the Mozafferids, etc.) "">
HUNGARY (AD 1000–1526},{1918–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Hungary). (It originated on the territory of modern Hungary as a result of the invasion of Hungarian tribes and the formation of the Kingdom of Hungary. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire, since 1687 as part of the Habsburg Empire}, {Revived as a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary, in 1949-1989 - the Hungarian People's Republic). Capitals - Esztergom (1000-1242), Buda (1242-1323, 1350-1541), Vysehrad (1323-1350), Budapest (since 1918) "">
HYSTRIA (657–71 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical, Greek colony. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Romania. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">

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Историческая справка

Страна
IBERIA (300 BC - AD 580) State, slaveholding, monarchical (Kingdom of Iberia). Originated on the territory modern Georgia. From BC 83 a vassal of the Roman Republic, then the Roman Empire, from AD 387 to the Persian Empire of the Sassanids. Conquered by the Persian Sassanid Empire. Capitals - Armazi, Mtskheta, Tbilisi (from 400) "">
IDALION (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
IFNI (Spanish) (AD 1860–1969) Possession of Spain. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the conquest by Spain of part of the territory of the Sultanate of Morocco. The capital is Sidi Ifni. Transferred to Morocco "">
ILION (190–128 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Withdrew from the State of the Seleucids. Became part of the Roman Republic. It was located on the site of ancient Troy. "">
ILISU SULTANATE (AD 1747–1804) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. Capital - Ilisu">
Illyrian provinces (fr.) (AD 1809–1813) Autonomous region of France. Educated on the territory modern Slovenia as a result of the cession of part of the territory by the Austrian Empire to France. The capital is Ljubljana. Annexed to the Austrian Empire "">
IMERETIAN KINGDOM (AD 1466–1555) State, feudal, monarchical. The capital is Kutaisi. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the Georgian kingdom. Fell into vassalage from the Ottoman Empire">
IMERETIAN KINGDOM (osm.) (AD 1555–1804) State, feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the falling of the Imeretian kingdom into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Kutaisi. Became part of the Russian Empire "">
IMERINA (AD 1540-1817) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Madagascar as a result of the conquest of the territories of central Madagascar by King Alasora Andriamanelo. As a result of the unification by the King of Imerina of all the states of the island of Madagascar into a single kingdom, the Kingdom of Madagascar was created. Capital - Tananarive">
INCA EMPIRE (AD 1438-1533) State, slave, monarchical. It was born on the territory of Peru, through the Kuzko conquest of the nabour lands. The capital - Kuzko. It conquered Spain in 1533, became part of Peru (Sp.)">
INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA (AD 1941–1945) State, republic, satellite of Nazi Germany. Educated on the territory modern Croatia with the support of the countries of the Nazi bloc and their allies after the occupation of the rest of the territory of Yugoslavia. It became part of Yugoslavia. Capital - Bratislava "">
INDIA (AD 1947 -) State. (Republic of India). Formed on the territory of India as a result of withdrawal from the British India and the declaration of independence from Great Britain (until 1950 - Union of India). Capital - Delhi">
INDO-GREEK KINGDOM (180 BC – AD 10) State Hellenistic slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Afghanistan as a result of separation from the Greco-Bactrian kingdom. Capitals — Alexandria in the Caucasus, Sirkap, Sagala, Charsadda. Conquered by the Indo-Scythian kingdom">
INDONESIA (AD 1949–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Indonesia). Formed on the territory of modern Indonesia as a result of withdrawal from the declaration of independence from the Netherlands in the Dutch East Indies (proclaimed in 1945, recognized by the Netherlands in 1949). Capital - Jakarta">
Eastern Timor Indonesia
INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM (20 BC – AD 30) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of Pakistan as a result of separation from Parthia. Capitals — Taxila, Kabul. Conquered by the Kushan Empire">
INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM (85 BC – AD 400) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of Afghanistan as a result of the conquest of the tribes of Saks Indo-Greek kingdom. Capitals — Sigal, Taxila, Mathura. Conquered by Gupta Empire">
INJUID STATE (AD 1335-1357) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Conquered by the Muzaffarid State. Capitals - Shiraz, Isfahan "">
IONIAN REPUBLIC (Brit.) (AD 1815–1864) Greek state, protectorate of Great Britain. Formed on the territory modern Greece as a result of the liberation of the Ionian Islands from French occupation. The capital is Kerkyra. Became part of Greece. "">
IRAN (AD 1935–) State, Islamic Republic (Islamic Republic of Iran; until 1979 - monarchy). Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the renaming of Persia. Capital - Tehran "">
IRAQ (AD 1932–) State, capitalist (AD 1932–1958 — Kingdom of Iraq, since AD ​​1958 — Republic of Iraq). Educated on the territory modern Iraq in the mandated territory of the League of Nations under the British administration of Iraq (brit.). Capital - Baghdad "">
IRAQ (British Occupation Zone) (AD 1918–1920) Territory occupied by Great Britain. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire on the territory of modern. Iraq. The capital is Baghdad. Converted to Iraq (UK) "">
IRAQ (British) (AD 1920–1932) British-ruled League of Nations mandate. (since AD ​​1921 - the Kingdom of Iraq). Educated on the territory Iraq in (zone of British occupation). The capital is Baghdad. The independent Syrian Republic was proclaimed in 1932">
IRELAND (AD 1919–) State, capitalist (Republic of Ireland). Educated on the territory modern Ireland as a result of secession from Great Britain. The capital is Dublin. "">
ISAAC (AD 1750-1884) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Isaac). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia by the Isaac clan. Established a protectorate of Great Britain and became part of Somalia (Britain). Capital - Hargeisa">
ISENBURG (AD 1806–1814) State, monarchical (Principality of Isenburg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire. Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Divided between Hesse and Hesse-Kassel. Capital - Isenburg "">
ISFENDIAROGULLARY (AD 1292–1393}, {1402–1461) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capital - Kastamonu "">
ISIN (2017–1794 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Born on the territory modern Iraq. Conquered by Larsa "">
ISLAND OF BOURBON (Fr.) (AD 1764-1793}, {1815-1848) Possession of France. (Formed on the territory of modern. Reunion (Fr.) as a result of the transfer of the island from the French East India Company of France. Renamed to Reunion (Fr.)}, {Liberated from the occupation of Great Britain, the possession of the Island of Bourbon (Fr.) was restored. Renamed to Reunion (Fr.)). Capital - Saint-Denis">
ISLE DE FRANCE (Fr.) (AD 1715-1810) Possession of France, colony (until 1767 - under the control of the French East India Company. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritius as a result of French colonization of the island. Conquered by Great Britain with the formation of the colony of Mauritius (Brit.) Capital - Port Louis">
ISMAILITE STATE (AD 1090–1256) State, theocratic Muslim. Charged on the territory. modern Iran as a result of separation from the Seljuk state. The capital is Alamaut. Conquered by the Hulaguid State. "">
ISRAEL (AD 1948–) State, capitalist (State of Israel). Educated on the territory modern Israel May 14, 1948 in the mandated territory of the League of Nations under British administration Palestine (brit.). Capital - Jerusalem "">
ITALIAN EASTERN AFRICA (AD 1936-1941) Possession of Italy. Formed on the terr. modern Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia as a result of Italy's occupation of Ethiopia and its unification with the colonies of Eritrea (It.) and Somalia (It.). Occupied by Great Britain. Capital - Addis Ababa">
ITALY (AD 1861–) State, capitalist. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the unification of the Italian states around the Sardinian Kingdom. The capital is Rome. "">
IVORY COAST (AD 1960-1985) Capitalist state (Republic of Ivory Coast). Formed on the territory of modern Côte d'Ivoire as a result of the declaration of independence from France by the Ivory Coast (Fr.). Renamed Cote d'Ivoire. Capital - Abidjan (until 1983), Yamoussoukro (from 1983)">
IVORY COAST (Fr.) (AD 1889-1895}, {1958-1959) Possession of France, colony and protectorate. (Formed on the territory of modern. Côte d'Ivoire as a result of separation from the colony of Riviere du Sud (Fr.). It became part of French West Africa}, {Withdrawn from French West Africa. Independence of the Ivory Coast was proclaimed) Capital - Abidjan">

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Историческая справка

Страна
JABEL SHAMMAR (AD 1836–1921) State, theocratic, Muslim (Emirate of Jabal Shammar). Originated on the territory modern Saudi Arabia as a result of secession from the Emirate of Najd. The capital is Ha'il. Became part of the Sultanate of Nejd "">
JAFFNA (AD 1215–1619) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Jaffna). Originated on the territory modern Sri Lanka as a result of secession from the state of Pandya. Entered Ceylon (Port.). The capital is Nallur">
JALAIRID STATE (AD 1335–1432) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Conquered by the Kara Koyunlu State "">
JAMAICA (AD 1962–) State capitalistic. Formed on the territory of modern Jamaica as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.) and the proclamation of the independent state of Jamaica. Capital - Kingston">
JAMAICA (Brit.) (AD 1670-1958) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Jamaica as a result of Spain's transfer of the island of Jamaica to Great Britain. Joined the West Indies Federation (Brit.). Capital - Kingston">
JAPAN (660 BC –) State monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Japan the legendary Emperor Jimmu. The capital is Tokyo (from 1869)">
Japan Eastern Timo
JARVIS ISLAND (Brit.) (AD 1889-1935) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Jarvis Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island from the USA by Great Britain. Transferred to the USA">
JARVIS ISLAND (USA) (AD 1858–1889}, {1935–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). (Formed on the territory of modern Jarvis Island (USA) as a result of the annexation of the island by the USA. Annexed by Great Britain}, {Returned to the USA)">
JAUNPUR SULTANATE (AD 1399–1479) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Capital - Jaunpur. Won Delhi Sultanate.">
JEBEL DRUZE (fr.) (AD 1921–1922}, {1927–1936) Mandate territory of the League of Nations under the control of France (AD 1921–1922 - Jebel Druz Region, AD 1927–1936 - State of Jebel Druz). (Formed on the territory of modern Syria. Separated from Damascus (fr.). Renamed Suwayda (fr.)}. {Formed as a result of renaming from Suwayda (fr.). Became part of Syria (fr.)). The capital is Es-Suwayda. "">
JIN (AD 266-420) Ancient state, empire. Formed on the territory. modern PRC, founded by the military leader Sima Yan. After the transfer of power to Liu Yu, the state of Liu Song was formed in the south, and the state of Northern Wei was formed in the north. Capitals - Luoyang, Jiankang">
КНР Вьетнам Mongolia
JIN EMPIRE (AD 1115–1234) State, monarchy. Educated on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the conquest of the northern part of the Song Empire by the Jurchens. Conquered by the Mongol Empire. Capitals - Huiningfu (1122-1153), Zhongdu (1153-1214), Kaifeng (1214-1233)">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
JOHNSTON ATOLL (USA) (AD 1858––) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). Formed on the territory of modern Johnston Atoll (USA) as a result of the annexation of the USA">
JOHOR (AD 1511–1914) State, feudal (Sultanate of Johor). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of its founding by the son of the Sultan of the Malacca Sultanate, conquered by Portugal. Included in the protectorate of the Unfederated Malay States (Brit.). Capital - Panchor (1700-1708), Pekan (1788-1795), Singapore (1819-1824)
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore
JORDAN (AD 1946–) State, capitalist (Jordanian Hashemite Kingdom). Educated on the territory modern Jordan May 25, 1946 in the mandated territory of the League of Nations under British administration Palestine (brit.). Capital is Amman "">
JOSEON (AD 1392–1897) State, monarchical (State of Great Joseon). Originated on the territory modern North Korea and the Republic of Korea as a result of the coming to power of the Joseon Dynasty in the state Goryeo. As a result of the proclamation of the empire by the king of the kingdom of Joseon, it was transformed into the Korean Empire. Capital - Seoul">
KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Republic Of Korea

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Историческая справка

Страна
KADAMBA (AD 345-543) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territoryof India as a result of separation from Pallava Empire. Capital - Banavasi. State won Chalukya">
KAFFA (Genoese) (AD 1266–1475) City-state, colony of the Republic of Genoa. Born on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The modern city of Feodosia "">
KAFFRARIA (Brit.) (AD 1835-1866) Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the territory of the Kos tribes. Annexed to the Cape Colony (Brit.). Capital - King Williams Town">
KAKATIYA (AD 1083–1323) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from Eastern and Western Chalukyas Capital - Orugallu. Сeased to exist">
KAKHETI KINGDOM (AD 637–1106}, {1466–1555) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of separation from the Persian Sassanid Empire. Attached to the Kingdom of Georgia}, {Restored independence as a result of the collapse of the Kingdom of Georgia. Fell into vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids). Capitals - Gremi, Telavi
Камбоджа Laos Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China)
KAKHETI KINGDOM (osm.) (AD 1590–1612}, {AD 1724–1735) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. (It arose on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of the Kakhetian kingdom (Persian) falling into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. It passed into vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids},{It passed into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. It passed into vassal dependence on the Persian state Safavids). The capitals are Gremi, Telavi. "">
KAKHETI KINGDOM (pers.) (AD 1555–1590}, {AD 1612–1724}, {1735–1762) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Persian state of the Safavids. (It arose on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of the Kingdom of Kakheti falling into vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids. It became vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire}, {It became vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids. It became vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire}, { Passed into vassalage from the Persian state of the Safavids, united with the Kakhetian kingdom (Persian), forming the Kartli-Kakhetian kingdom). The capitals are Gremi, Telavi. "">
KALIBANGAN (2600 –1700 BC) City State Indus Valley Civilization, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India. Aryan tribes destroyed">
KALINGA (700–260 BC},{220 BC–AD 600) State, a slave, a monarchist. (Arose in the territory of India. Conquered the Maurya Empire},{Separated from the Mauryan Empire. Fell into disrepair)">
KAMARUPA (AD 350-1140) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territoryof India. Сeased to exist">
KANDY (AD 1469–1581},{1593–1815) State, monarchical (Kandy Kingdom) (Born in the territory of modern Sri Lanka as a result of separation from the state of Kotte. Conquered by the Kingdom of Sitawaka},{Recreated as a result of the transfer of power in the Kingdom Sitawaka became part of Ceylon (Brit.)). Capital is Kandy">
KANVA DYNASTY (755-30 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the seizure of power in the Sunga dynasty Kanva. Capitals - Paliputra, Vidisha. Won Satavahana Empire">
Индия Nepal Бангладеш Мьянма
KARABAKH KHANATE (AD 1747–1805) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capitals are Bayat (1747-1751), Shahbulag (1751), Shusha (since 1751). "">
KARA-KHANID KHANATE (AD 840–1040) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the collapse of Uyghur Khaganate, formed by Turkic tribes, yagma and chigili. The capitals were Balasagun, Kashgar. It was split into Western Kara-Khanid Khanate and Estern Kara-Khanid Khanate">
Казахстан Киргизия Таджикистан Узбекистан PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia
KARAMAN (AD 1307–1390},{1403–1419},{1421–1483) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of the collapse of the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate},{Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Mamluk State},{Withdrawn from the Mamluk State. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire). Capitals - Karaman (1256-1483), Alaiye (Alanya) (1293-1471) "">
KARLUK KHANATE (AD 960–1222) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed in the territory of modern Kazakhstan as a result of separation from Kara-Khanid Khanate. Vassal Kara-Khanid Khanate (up to 1130), Qara Khitai (1130–1200). The capitals were Koilik (960–1222), Almalyk (1200–1222). Conquered by Mongol Empire">
Казахстан PRC (People's Republic Of China)
KARLUK YABGHU (AD 756–940) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the seizure of power by the tribes of Karluks in the Turgesh Kaganate. The capitals were Suyab, Balasagun. Has become a part of Kara-Khanid Khanate">
Казахстан Киргизия Таджикистан Узбекистан PRC (People's Republic Of China)
KASTRIOTI (AD 1389–1444) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Kastrioti). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from Zeta. Became part of the Lega League. Capital - Kruya "">
KATANA (729–241 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Conquered by the Roman Republic. Currently - the city of Catania "">
KAZAKH KHANATE (AD 1465–1847) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Kazakhstan as a result of secession from Moghulistan. Became part of the Russian Empire. Capitals - Chingi-Tura, Orda-Bazar (1465–1469, 1511–1521), Sygnak (1469–1511, 1521–1599), Turkestan (1599–1847) "">
KAZAKH SULTANATE (AD 1747–1801) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Kazakh. "">
KAZAKHSTAN (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Kazakhstan). Originated in the territory of modern Kazakhstan as a result of the collapse of USSR. The capitals were Almaty (up to 1997), Astana (from 1997; from March 2019 to September 2022 was called Nur-Sultan)">
Kazan Khanate (AD 1438–1552) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia in the process of disintegration of the Golden Horde into a number of independent states. Attached to the Russian kingdom. Capital - Kazan "">
KEDAH (AD 1136–1821) State, feudal (Sultanate of Kedah). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of the conversion to Islam of the inhabitants of Kedah. conquered by Siam. Capital: Alor Setar">
Malaysia
KEDIRI (AD 1045–1221) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of the collapse of the state of Mataram. It became part of the state of Singasari. Capital - Kediri
Indonesia
KELANTAN (AD 1411–1499}, {1511–1781) State, feudal. (It was formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of separation from the Malacca Sultanate. It became part of the Malacca Sultanate}, {It left the Malacca Sultanate. It was conquered by Siam). The capital is Kota Bharu">
Malaysia
KENT (AD 450–871) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Kent). Founded by the Jutes on the territory. modern Great Britain (in southeast England). The capital is Canterbury. Attached to Wessex. "">
KENYA (AD 1963–) State, republic (Republic of Kenya; until 1964 - dominion). Formed on the territory of modern Kenya as a result of Kenya's independence (Brit.). Capital - Nairobi">
KENYA (Brit.) (AD 1920-1963) British possession, colony and protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Kenya as a result of the renaming of British East Africa. The independence of Kenya is proclaimed. Capital - Nairobi">
KERASY (AD 1300–1349) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capitals - Bergam, Balıkesir "">
KHANATE OF KHIVA (AD 1512–1740},{1747–1873},{1917–1920) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of the capture of Khorezm by nomadic Uzbek tribes and its separation from the Bukhara Khanate. It was captured by the Presid power of Nadir Shah and the Persian protectorate was established - the Khiva Khanate (pers.)}, {Liberation from the Persian protectorate. Establishment of the Russian protectorate - Khanate of Khiva (Russian)}, {Liberation from the Russian protectorate. Transformed into the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic). Capital - Khiva "">
KHANATE OF KHIVA (pers.) (AD 1740–1747) State, feudal, monarchical, vassal of Nadir Shah's Presid state. It arose on the territory. modern Uzbekistan as a result of the conquests of the Presid state of Nadir Shah and the loss of independence of the Khiva Khanate. The capital is Khiva. Returned independence "">
KHANATE OF KHIVA (Russian) (AD 1873–1917) State, protectorate of the Russian Empire. Educated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the Khiva Khanate's recognition of dependence on the Russian Empire. The capital is Khiva. Restored as independent Khanate of Khiva "">
KHANDESH SULTANATE (AD 1399–1601) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Capital - Talner. Conquered by the Mughal Emperor">
KHARAKENA (127 BC - AD 224) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Vassal of the Parthian kingdom. Originated on the territory modern Iraq. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Seleucid State. The capital is Spasinu Charax. Conquered by the Persian Sassanid Empire. "">
KHATAI (AD 1938–1939) State, capitalist (Republic of Hatay). Educated on the territory modern Turkey by declaring the independence of Alexandretta (fr.). The capital is Antioch. Became part of Turkey "">
KHAZAR KAGANATE (AD 650–969) State, slaveholding, monarchical, ruling religion — Judaism. Created on the territory modern Russia by the Khazar tribes, who separated from the Western Turkic Khaganate. It ceased to exist independently as a result of the defeat in the war with Kievan Rus. Capitals - Semender, Itil "">
KHMER EMPIRE (AD 802–1431) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Cambodia as a result of the decomposition of tribal relations among the Khmer tribes. Disintegrated. The capital is Yashodharapura">
Laos Вьетнам Камбоджа Мьянма Таиланд
KHORESM (700–550 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical (Kingdom of Khorezm). Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the formation of the state among the Khorezmians. Conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire. "">
KHOREZM NSR (AD 1920–1924) State, socialist (Khorezm People's Soviet Republic). Educated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of Soviet power in the Khiva Khanate. The capital is Khiva. Became part of the USSR "">
KIEV PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1362) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the final collapse of Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 1132) and the fall of the Kyiv principality under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. It became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (it existed as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1471). Capital - Kyiv "">
KIEVAN Rus' (AD 862–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the unification of the East Slavic tribes under the rule of the princes of the Rurik dynasty. Broken up into separate kingdoms "">
KIMEK CONFEDERATION (AD 750–1035) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kazakhstan as a result of the formation of the state among the nomadic Turkic Kimek tribes. The capitals were Khagan-Kimek, Imekia. Has ceased to exist under the onslaught of the Kipchak tribes">
Казахстан PRC (People's Republic Of China)
KINGDOM OF ANIA (AD 885–1045) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Turkey as a result of the overthrow of the power of the Abbasid Caliphate by the princely family of Bagratids in most of the Armenian lands. Capitals - Kars (until 961), Ani. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. "">
KINGDOM OF BAVARIA (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Electorate of Bavaria. In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. The capital is Munich. "">
KINGDOM OF BURGUNDA (AD 933-1032) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern France as a result of the unification of Lower Burgundy and Upper Burgundy. The capital is Arles. Became part of the Holy Roman Empire "">
KINGDOM OF BURGUNDS (AD 443-533) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Switzerland as a result of secession from the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Geneva. Conquered by the Frankish state. "">
KINGDOM OF BURUNDI (AD 1680-1885) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Burundi Bantu peoples. After the establishment of the protectorate of Germany, it became part of German East Africa. Capital - Gitega">
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA (AD 1431–1863) State, monarchical (vassal of Siam, Vietnam). Formed on the territory modern Cambodia as a result of the collapse of Cambujadesh. It was conquered by France and the protectorate of Cambodia (Fr.) was created. Capital - Srey Sorchhor (1431–1434), Chaktomuk (1434–1525), Longwek (1525–1603), Lwea Em (1603–1620), Oudong (1620–1863)">
KINGDOM OF CONGO (AD 1390-1885) State, early feudal, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Angola as a state of the Bakongo people. Conquered by Portugal and included in Angola (Port.). Capital - Mbanza Congo">
KINGDOM OF CROATIA (AD 845–1102) State, feudal, monarchical (principality of Croatia until 925). Originated on the territory modern Croatia as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. United with Hungary. Capital - Biograd-na-Moru "">
KINGDOM OF CYPRUS (AD 1292–1489) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed by the crusaders on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of receiving a gift of the island by the King of the Kingdom of Jerusalem Guy de Lusignan from the King of England Richard I the Lionheart. The capital is Nicosia. Became part of the Venetian Republic "">
KINGDOM OF DAHOMEY (AD 1620-1895) State, early feudal, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Benin as a state of the people background. As a result of the establishment of the protectorate of France, it became part of French West Africa (Fr.). Capital - Abomey">
KINGDOM OF ETRURIA (AD 1801–1807) State, subsidiary kingdom of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the transformation of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The capital is Florence. Annexed to France "">
KINGDOM OF FIJI (AD 1871-1874) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Fiji as a result of the unification of small states that existed in the Fiji archipelago. Annexed by Great Britain with the establishment of the colony of Fiji (Brit.). Capital - Levuka">
KINGDOM OF GERMANY (AD 919–962) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the renaming of the East Frankish Kingdom. The capital is Regensburg. Converted to Holy Roman Empire "">
KINGDOM OF HOLLAND (AD 1806–1810) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Netherlands as a result of the transformation of the Batavian Republic. Attached to France. Capital - Amsterdam "">
KINGDOM OF IRELAND (AD 1541–1801) State, feudal, monarchical (head of state was the King of England). Based on the territory modern Ireland as a result of the proclamation of the English Lordship of Ireland as a kingdom. The capital is Dublin. Merged with UK "">
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL (928–722 BC) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Israel. It was formed after the collapse of the Israeli-Jewish Kingdom. The capital, Samaria, was built in AD 9 c. (the former - Shechem, Tirtsa). Conquered by Assmria "">
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH (1020–928 ​​BC) State, slaveholding. It originated on the territory of modern. Israel. Formed by the ancient Israelite tribes. Capital - Jerusalem Broken into the kingdoms of Israel and Judah "">
KINGDOM OF ITALY (AD 875–961) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the East Frankish Kingdom. The capital is Pavia. Became part of the German Kingdom "">
KINGDOM OF ITALY (NAPOLEON) (AD 1805–1815) State, subsidiary kingdom of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the transformation of the Italian Republic (Napoleon). Eliminated by the Austrian Empire as a result of the defeat of Napoleon. In its place, the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom and other states were formed. The capital is Milan. "">
KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM (AD 1099–1291) State, feudal, monarchical. It was formed by the crusaders on the territory of the Seljuk state (the territory of modern Lebanon). The capital is Jerusalem. Conquered by the Mamluk State. "">
KINGDOM OF JUDAH (928–587 BC},{141 BC–AD 6},{AD 66–73) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Israel. (Formed after the collapse of the Israelite-Jewish Kingdom. Capital - Jerusalem. Destroyed by Babylonia}, {Separated from the Seleucid State. Conquered by the Roman Republic}, {Separated from the Roman Empire. Conquered by the Roman Empire). "">
KINGDOM OF KARS (AD 963–1064) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Turkey. Distinguished from the Anian Kingdom. The capital is Kars. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. "">
KINGDOM OF KATLIA (AD 1466–1555) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the Georgian kingdom. The capital is Tbilisi. Fell into vassalage from the Persian state of the Safavids "">
KINGDOM OF KATLIA (Osm.) (AD 1590–1612}, {AD 1724–1735) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. (It arose on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of the Kingdom of Kartli (Persian) falling into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. It passed into vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids}, {Moved into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. Passed into vassal dependence on the Persian state Safavids). The capital is Tbilisi. "">
KINGDOM OF KATLIA (pers.) (AD 1555–1590}, {AD 1612–1724}, {1735–1762) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Persian state of the Safavids. (It arose on the territory of modern Georgia as a result of the Kingdom of Kartli falling into vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids. It became vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire}, {It became vassal dependence on the Persian state of the Safavids. It became vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire},{ Passed into vassalage from the Persian state of the Safavids, united with the Kakhetian kingdom (Persian), forming the Kartli-Kakhetian kingdom). The capital is Tbilisi. "">
KINGDOM OF MADAGASCAR (AD 1817-1896) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory. modern Madagascar as a result of the unification by the King of Imerina of all states of the island of Madagascar into a single kingdom. Establishment of the protectorate of France. Capital - Tananarive">
KINGDOM OF MALLORCA (AD 1262-1342) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Spain (Balearic Islands) as a result of secession from Aragon. The capital is Palma. Belonged to Aragon "">
KINGDOM OF MONTENEGRO (AD 1852–1918) State, capitalist, monarchy (principality until 1910). It was formed as a result of separation from the Ottoman Empire on the territory of modern. Montenegro. It became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Capital - Cetinje "">
KINGDOM OF NEAPOLITAN (AD 1282–1799, Jan.}, {1799, July–1816) State, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily. Transformed into the Parthenopian Republic}, {Restored. United with the Kingdom of Sicily, forming the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). The capital is Naples. "">
KINGDOM OF PERGAMEN (283–133 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. It was formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Pergamon. Incorporated into the Roman Republic. "">
KINGDOM OF PRILEPSK (AD 1371–1395) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Macedonia as a result of the collapse of the Serbian kingdom. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. The capital is Prilep "">
KINGDOM OF QIN (771–221 BC) Ancient state. Formed on the territory of modern PRC in the Zhou era, until 256 BC was part of the Eastern Zhou. As a result of the unification of small appanage principalities by the ruler of the Kingdom of Qin Shi Huang, the Qin Empire was created. Capital - Xianyang">
KINGDOM OF RWANDA (AD 1400-1885) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Rwanda Tutsi peoples. After the establishment of the protectorate of Germany, it became part of German East Africa. Capital - Nyanza">
KINGDOM OF SARDINIA (AD 1720–1861) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the transformation of the Duchy of Savoy and the accession to it by Fr. Sardinia. The capital is Turin (de jure Cagliari). Became part of a united Italy "">
KINGDOM OF SAXONY (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Electorate of Saxony. In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Dresden "">
KINGDOM OF SERBIA (AD 1878–1918) State, capitalist, monarchy (principality until 1882; existed as part of the Ottoman Empire since 1817). It was formed as a result of separation from the Ottoman Empire on the territory of modern. Serbia. It became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Capital - Belgrade "">
KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES (AD 1918–1929) State, capitalist, monarchy. It was formed as a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire on the territory of modern. Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Renamed Yugoslavia. Capital - Belgrade "">
KINGDOM OF SICILY (AD 1282–1816) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the renaming of the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily after the separation of the Kingdom of Naples from it. (In 1302–1416 the Kingdom of Trinacria was also called). The capital is Palermo. Merged with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies "">
KINGDOM OF SINGAPORE (AD 1299–1399) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Singapore as a result of the collapse of the state of Srivijaya. Conquered by the Malacca Sultanate. Capital - Singapore">
Singapore
KINGDOM OF THE ISLANDS (AD 1079–1266) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of separation from Scotland about. Maine, Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney. The capital is not defined. Annexed to Scotland "">
KINGDOM OF THE OSTGOTHS (AD 493–553) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Ravenna. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire "">
KINGDOM OF THE PICTS (AD 580-843) State, feudal, monarchical. Founded by the Picts on the territory. modern Great Britain (in Scotland). The capital is not defined. Merged with Dal Riad to Scotland. "">
KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILES (AD 1816–1861) State, monarchical. It was formed on the territory. modern Italy as a result of the unification of the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily. The capital is Naples. Became part of a united Italy "">
KINGDOM OF THESSALONICS (AD 1204–1224) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Greece. It was formed by the crusaders as a result of the 4th crusade on part of the territory of the Byzantine Empire. The capital is Thessaloniki. Conquered by the Despotate of Epirus "">
KINGDOM OF THURINGIA (AD 450–531) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the Germanic tribes of Tyurins. Capital - not set. Conquered by the Frankish State "">
KINGDOM OF TOLEDO (AD 580–711) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the transformation of the Visigothic Kingdom (moving the capital to Toledo). The capital is Toledo. Conquered by the Arab Caliphate "">
KINGDOM OF TONGA (AD 1875-1900) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Tonga, 1875). Formed on the territory of modern Tonga as a result of the unification of the small states that existed on the islands of Tonga. Annexed by Great Britain to create the Tongan Protectorate (Brit.). Capital - Nuku'alofa">
KINGDOM OF VANDALS AND ALANS (AD 439–534) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Tunisia during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Carthage. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. "">
KINGMAN REEF (USA) (AD 1922–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). Formed on the territory of modern Kingman Reef (USA) as a result of the annexation of the USA">
KINOPOL (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slave-owning, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Upper Egypt. "">
KIRIBATI (AD 1979–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Kiribati). Formed on the territory of modern Kiribati as a result of the proclamation of independence in the possessions of Great Britain Gilbert Islands (Brit.) and Canton and Enderbury Islands (Brit.). Capital - South Tarawa">
Kition (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek-Phoenician. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
KIZIK (756–334 BC},{188–128 BC) City-state. (Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory of modern Turkey. Conquered by Macedonia}. {He left the Seleucid State. Became part of the Roman Republic). "">
KLAIPĖDA REGION (AD 1919–1923) Territory under the control of the League of Nations. Created in accordance with the Versailles Peace Treaty on the territory. modern Lithuania after the defeat of Germany in the 1st World War. Attached to Lithuania. Capital - Klaipeda "">
KLEIN VRYSTAAT (AD 1886-1891) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the transfer of land to the Boers in lease by the Swazi leader. It became part of South African Republic (Transvaal). Capital - Pit Retif">
KNOSS (Dorian) (900–67 BC) City-state. Born on the territory O. Crete (modern Greece) after the settlement of the island by the Dorians. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">
KNOSS (Minoan) (1900–1450 BC) City-state. It originated during the Minoan civilization on the territory. O. Crete (modern Greece). Destroyed by the Achaeans "">
KOKAND KHANATE (AD 1709–1876) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of separation from the Bukhara Khanate. Attached to the Russian Empire. Capitals - Eski-Kurgan (1709-1732), Kokand (1732-1876) "">
KOKHINKHINA (Fr.) (AD 1867-1887) Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnamese as a result of the conquest of the state of Dainam by France. It became part of French Indochina. Capital - Saigon">
KONG (AD 1710-1889) State, Islamic empire. Formed on the territory of modern Cote d'Ivoire by immigrants from Mali. As a result of the establishment of the protectorate of France, it became part of the Ivory Coast (Fr.). Capital - Kong">
KONIAN SULTANATE (AD 1077–1307) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Seljuk State. The capital is Konya. Broke up into small principalities. One of them, the principality of Osman, was the core of the early. 14th c. Ottoman State "">
KOREA (Jap.) (AD 1910-1945) Possession of Japan (General Government). Formed on the territory of modern North Korea and the Republic of Korea as a result of the annexation of the Korean Empire by Japan. As a result of Japan's defeat in World War II, the USSR and the USA were occupied. Capital - Seoul">
KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Republic Of Korea
KOREAN EMPIRE (AD 1897–1910) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern North Korea and the Republic of Korea as a result of the proclamation of the empire by the king of the kingdom of Joseon. Annexed by Japan and turned into the possession of Korea (Yp.). Capital - Seoul">
KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Republic Of Korea
KORKYRA (650–342 BC) City-state, Greek colony. Born on the territory O. Kerkyra (modern Greece). Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient) "">
KOSALA (1100–300 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India. Conquered Magadha">
Индия Nepal
KOSOVO (AD 2008–) Partially recognized state, capitalist (Republic of Kosovo). Formed on the territory modern Serbia as a result of secession from Serbia. The capital is Pristina. "">
KOTIORA (630-183 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. "">
KOTTE (AD 1412–1597) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Sri Lanka. Conquered by Portugal and created the possession of Ceylon (Port.). Capital - Kotte">
KOURION (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
KPDR (KOREAN PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC) (AD 1948–) State, socialist republic. Formed on the territory of modern North Korea as a result of the proclamation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the territory of the Soviet zone of occupation of Korea. Capital - Pyongyang">
KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic)
KRAKOV REPUBLIC (AD 1815–1846) State, republic. Educated on the territory modern Poland under the direct patronage of the Russian Empire, the Austrian Empire and Prussia after the division of the Duchy of Warsaw. Annexed to the Austrian Empire. Capital - Krakow "">
KUBAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (AD 1918, January - 1920, March) Non-Soviet state. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. Became part of Soviet Russia. The capital is Yekaterinodar. "">
KUKEYNOS PRINCIPALITY (AD 1180–1207) State, feudal, monarchical, specific principality (vassal of the Polotsk principality). Founded by the Slavs on the territory. modern Latvia. The capital is Kukeynos. Conquered by the Order of the Sword "">
KUMY (750–327 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic. "">
KURU (1200–800 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of state formation in the Indian people of Kshatriya. Conquered Panchala">
KUSH (1070–550 BC) State, slave-owning, monarchical (Kingdom of Kush). Born on the the terr of modern Sudan as successor to the kingdom of Kerma. Destroyed by Egypt (Ancient). Capitals - Napata, Meroe">
KUSHAN EMPIRE (AD 30–375) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of the formation of the state among the Indo-Iranian Tocharians. The capital was Bactra. Conquered by Sasanian Empire и Gupta Empire">
Афганистан Индия Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Пакистан Таджикистан Туркмения Узбекистан" "
KUWAIT (AD 1961–1990},{1991–) State, monarchical (Emirate of Kuwait). (Zarded on the territory of modern Kuwait as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain. Occupied by Iraq}, {During the military operation "Desert Storm" liberated from occupation). The capital is Kuwait City "">
KUWAIT (Brit.) (AD 1899–1961) State, feudal, monarchical (Sheikhdom of Kuwait), under the protectorate of Great Britain. Charged on the territory. modern Kuwait as a result of the transition of the protectorate from the Ottoman Empire to Great Britain. The capital is Kuwait City. On June 19, 1961, the independent Emirate of Kuwait was proclaimed "">
KUWAIT (osm.) (AD 1752–1899) State, feudal, theocratic, Muslim (Sheikhdom of Kuwait), under the protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Charged on the territory. modern Kuwait as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Kuwait City. Passed under the protectorate of Great Britain. "">
KYPCHAK KHANATE (AD 1035–1219) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Kazakhstan as a result of the transfer of power in the Kimak Khaganate to the Kkypchak tribes. The capital is Sygnak. Conquered by the Mongol Empire "">
KYRGYZSTAN (AD 1991–) State, republic (Kyrgyz Republic). Originated on the territory modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Bishkek "">
KYTRA (669–570 BC) Greek city-state. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">

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Историческая справка

Страна
LABOIN (Brit.) (AD 1848-1941) Possession of Great Britain, crown colony. Formed on the territory. modern Malaysia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the skeleton of Labuan (part of the Brunei Empire). Occupied by Japan, after liberation, it passed under the control of the British Military Administration (Borneo), then became part of North Borneo (Brit.). Capital - Victoria">
Malaysia
LAGASH (2500–2315 BC}, {2150–2110 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (Born in the territory of modern Iraq. Became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {Left out of Sumer and Akkad. Conquered by Ur) "">
LAGOS (Brit.) (AD 1862-1906) Possession of Great Britain, colony and protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over the Yoruba peoples. Entered into South Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Lagos">
LAHEJ (AD 1728–1869) State, theocratic, Muslim (Sultanate Lahej). Arose in the the territory of Yemen as a result of separation from Yemen. Capital — Lahij. Became part of the Aden Protectorate (UK)">
LAMPSAK (196–188 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Withdrew from the State of the Seleucids. Became part of the Pergamon kingdom. The city of Lampsacus is the birthplace of the philosopher Epicurus (341–270 BC) "">
LAN NA (AD 1292–1578) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Thailand as a result of secession from Cambujadesh. Conquered by the kingdom of Tanggu (in 1775 the territory came under the control of Thonburi). Capital - Chiang Rai (1262-1275), Fang (1275-1281), Wiang Kum Kam (1281-1296), Chiang Mai (1296-1578)">
LAN XANG (AD 1353–1707) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Laos as a result of secession from Cambujadesh. It broke up into three kingdoms - Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champasak. Capital: Luang Prabang, Vientiane">
Laos Таиланд
LANGOBARD KINGDOM (AD 568–774) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the conquest of the regions of the Byzantine Empire by the Lombards. The capital is Pavia (later Milan, Monza). Conquered by the Frankish State "">
LAOS (AD 1953–) State, republic (Lao People's Democratic Republic, until 1975 - monarchy, Kingdom of Laos). Formed on the territory of modern Laos as a result of the declaration of independence from France in French Indochina. Capital - Vientiane">
Laos
LAPETHOS (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek-Phoenician. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient)">
LARSA (2025–1763 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded on the territory modern Iraqi Amorites. Conquered by Babylonia">
LATAKIA (fr.) (AD 1930–1936) French-administered League of Nations mandate (Sanjak of Latakia). Educated on the territory modern Syria as a result of the renaming of the Alawite State (fr.). The capital is Latakia. Became part of Syria">
LATINSKAYA IMPERIYA (AD 1204–1261) Gosudarstvo, feodal'noye, monarkhicheskoye. Obrazovano na terr. sovr. Turtsii krestonostsami v rezul'tate zavoyevaniya chasti Vizantiyskoy Imperii. Stolitsa — Konstantinopol'. Likvidirovana Nikeyskoy Imperiyey. LATIN EMPIRE (AD 1204–1261) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey by the crusaders as a result of the conquest of part of the Byzantine Empire. The capital is Constantinople. Eliminated by the Nicaean Empire."">
LATVIA (AD 1920–1940},{1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Latvia). (It originated on the territory of modern Latvia as a result of separation from Soviet Russia (independence was proclaimed on November 18, 1918) and the cessation of the existence of the Latvian SSR}, {It became part of the USSR. Withdrew from the USSR). Capital - Riga">
LATVIAN SSR (AD 1918–1920) State, socialist. (Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic). Formed as a result of the liberation of the territory of modern. Latvia from German occupation and recognition of independence by Soviet Russia. The capital is Riga. It ceased to exist as a result of the liberation of the territory from the Red Army by the Republic of Latvia (independence was proclaimed on November 18, 1918)">
LEBANON (AD 1943–) State, capitalist (Lebanese Republic). Educated on the territory modern Lebanon in the mandated territory of the League of Nations under the control of France Lebanon (fr.). The capital is Beirut. "">
LEBANON (FR) (AD 1926–1943) French-administered League of Nations mandate (Republic of Lebanon). Educated on the territory modern Lebanon as a result of the transformation of Greater Lebanon (fr.). The capital is Beirut. 22 November 1943 independent Lebanese Republic proclaimed "">
LEDRA (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
LEGA LEAGUE (AD 1444–1479) Confederation of Albanian Principalities. Created on the territory modern Albania as a result of the unification of Arianiti, Dukajini, Kastrioti, the Principality of Albania, Muzaki. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Capital - Lezha "">
LEON (AD 924–1037},{1065–1072},{1157–1230) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of León). (It originated on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the renaming of the Kingdom of Asturias. United with Castile, forming the Kingdom of Castile and León}, {Restored as a result of separation from Castile. United with Castile, forming the Kingdom of Castile and León}, Restored as a result of separation from Castile .United with Castile to form the Kingdom of Castile and León). The capital is Leon. "">
LEPTIS-MAGNA (1100-600 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Phoenicians on the territory. modern Libya Conquered by Carthage. "">
LESOTHO (AD 1966–) State, capitalist, monarchy (Kingdom of Lesotho). Formed on the territory of modern Lesotho as a result of the declaration of independence of Basutoland (Brit). Capital - Maseru">
LETOPOL (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Was in Egypt. Created by the ancient Egyptians. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
LEYEN (AD 1806–1814) State, monarchical (Principality of Leyen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire. Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Became part of the Austrian Empire. The capital is Hohengeroldsack "">
LIANG (AD 502–557) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC after the change of dynasty in the state of Southern Qi. After the change of the dynasty, the state of Chen was formed. Capital - Jiankang">
PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам" "
LIAO (AD 907–1124) State, monarchy (Liao Empire). Educated on the territory modern PRC nomadic Khitan tribes. Transformed into the Kara-Khitay Khanate. Capital is Shangjing">
PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Россия" "
LIBERIA (AD 1822-1847) Possession of the USA, colony (from 1839 - Commonwealth of Liberia). Formed on the territory. modern Liberia as a result of the resettlement from the United States of African Americans by the American Colonization Society. The independent Republic of Liberia is proclaimed. Capital - Monrovia">
LIBERIA (AD 1847–) State, capitalist (Republic of Liberia). Formed on the territory of modern Liberia as a result of the proclamation of the independent state of Liberia by free African American settlers from the United States. Capital - Monrovia">
LIBYA (AD 1951–) State, capitalist (AD 1951–1963 — United Kingdom of Libya, AD 1963–1969 — Kingdom of Libya, AD 1969–1977 — Libyan Arab Republic, since 1977 — People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya). Educated on the territory modern Libya as a result of the unification of Tripolitania (British), Cyrenaica (British) and Fezzan (French). The capital is Tripoli. "">
LIBYA (it.) (AD 1934–1943) Colony of Italy. Educated on the territory modern Libya as a result of the unification of Tripolitania (It.), Cyrenaica (It.) and Fezzan (It.). The capital is Tripoli. Became part of the colony of Libya (it.) "">
LIECHTENSTEIN (AD 1791–) Monarchic state (Principality of Liechtenstein). Originated on the territory modern Liechtenstein as a result of the unification of the counties of Vaduz and Schellenberg and their separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Capital - Vaduz "">
LIGURIAN REPUBLIC (AD 1797–1805) State, subsidiary republic of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the transformation of the Republic of Genoa. The capital is Genoa. Annexed to France "">
LINYI (AD 192–629) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a Cham state. Conquered by the Champa state. The capital is Simhapura "">
LIPPE-DETMOLD (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Principality of Lippe-Detmold). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1789 as a result of the transformation of the County of Lippe-Detmold). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Detmold "">
LITHUANIA (AD 1919–1940},{1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Lithuania). (It originated on the territory of modern Lithuania as a result of separation from Soviet Russia (independence was proclaimed on February 16, 1918) and the cessation of the existence of the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR}, {It became part of the USSR. Withdrew from the USSR). Capitals - Kaunas (until 1940), Vilnius (since 1991) "">
LITHUANIA SSR (AD 1918–1919, February) State, socialist. (Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic). Formed as a result of the liberation of most of the territory of modern. Lithuania from German occupation and recognition of independence by Soviet Russia. The capital is Vilnius. United with SSR Belarus to form the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR "">
LITHUANIAN-BELARUSIAN SSR (AD 1919, February–1919, August) State, socialist. (Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic). Educated on the territory modern Lithuania and Belarus as a result of the unification of the Lithuanian SSR and the SSR Belarus. The capitals are Vilnius (until April), Minsk (from April). Divided between Lithuania, Poland and SSR Belarus "">
LITTLE ARMENIA (322–107 BC) Hellenistic slaveholding state, monarchy form of government. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Ani-Kamakh. It became part of the Pontic kingdom. "">
LIU SONG (AD 420–479) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the transfer of power to Liu Yu in the Jin Empire. After the change of the dynasty, the state of Southern Qi was formed. Capital - Jiankang">
PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам" "
LIVONIAN ORDER (AD 1435–1561) State, feudal, theocratic. Originated on the territory modern Latvia as a result of separation from the Teutonic Order. It was part of the Livonian Confederation (created in 1435). Conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The capital is Valk. "">
LIVONSKY BISHOPHOUSE (AD 1186-1201) The state, feudal, theocratic, submitted to the Pope. Founded by the crusaders on the territory. modern Latvia. The capital is Ikskile. Renamed to Riga Bishopric "">
LOANGO (AD 1550-1882) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Loango). Formed on the territory of modern Congo (Brazzaville) as a result of secession from the Kingdom of the Congo. It became part of the Congo (Fr.). Capital - Boiley">
LOCR (680–264 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">
LOMBARDO-VENETIAN KINGDOM (Austrian) (AD 1815–1866) Possession of the Austrian Empire. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the defeat of Napoleon and the liquidation of the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleon). The capital is Milan (since 1859 - Venice). Annexed to the Austrian Empire "">
LORI KINGDOM (AD 979–1118) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of secession from the kingdom of Ani. Became part of the Georgian kingdom. Capitals - Samshvilde, Lori fortress (since 1065), Matsnaberd "">
Lorraine (AD 855–870}, {895–911) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Lorraine). (It originated on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the division of the Middle Frankish Kingdom. Divided between the West-Frankish Kingdom and the East-Frankish Kingdom}, {Recreated. Attached to the West-Frankish Kingdom). The capital is Nancy. "">
LOTHAL (2600 –1700 BC) City State Indus Valley Civilization, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India. Aryan tribes destroyed">
LOWER BURGUNDY (AD 879–933) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Lower Burgundy). Originated on the territory modern France as a result of the renaming of the Kingdom of Provence. The capital is Arles. United with Upper Burgundy into a single state - the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arelat) "">
LOWER CANADA (Brit.) (AD 1791-1841) a British colony (as a part of British North America). Founded on the territor of Canada as a result of partition of Quebec (Brit). Incorporated in Canada (Brit.). Capital - Quebec">
LOWER EGYPT (3500–3000 BC.) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Educated on the territory modern Egypt as a result of the unification of 16 primitive states (nomes). The capital is Buto. Included in Ancient Egypt. "">
LUANG PRABANG (AD 1707–1893) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Laos as a result of the collapse of Lan Xang. After the establishment of the protectorate of France, it was included in French Indochina. The capital is Luang Prabang">
Вьетнам Laos
LUBA (AD 1585-1885) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Luba). Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of the unification of the tribes of the Ulemba lowlands. It became part of the Free State of the Congo. Capital - Mwibele">
LUBEK (AD 1806–1807},{1814–1871) City-state (Free and Hanseatic city of Lübeck). (It was formed on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (it was formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1226). Attached to France}, {Recreated. Became part of united Germany). In 1815-1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 he was a member of the North German Confederation. Capital - Lübeck "">
Lucca and Piombino (AD 1805–1815) State, subsidiary Principality of France (Principality of Lucca and Piombino). Formed on the territory modern Italy as a result of the transformation of the Republic of Lucca. The capital is Lucca. Transformed into Duchy of Lucca "">
LUKCA (AD 1160–1342}, {1369–1805) State, feudal, oligarchic republic (Republic of Lucca). (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Attached to the Pisan Republic}, {Separated from the Pisan Republic. Transformed into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino). The capital is Lucca. "">
LUNDA (AD 1600-1885) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Lunda). Formed on the territory of modern Angola as a state of the Lunda people. Conquered by Portugal and included in Angola (Port.)">
LUXEMBOURG (AD 1384–1443},{1477–1581},{1866–1914},{1918–1940},{1944–) State, capitalist. (It originated on the territory of modern Luxembourg as part of the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the transformation of the County of Luxembourg (founded in 963) into a duchy. Attached to the Duchy of Burgundy},{Recreated. Incorporated into the Spanish Netherlands},{Separated from the Netherlands (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , existed as part of the Netherlands since 1815. Occupied by Germany}, {Restored. Occupied by Germany (since 1941 included in Germany)}, {Restored). Capital - Luxembourg "">
LYCIA (168 BC - AD 43) Association (League) of 23 city-states (Xanthos, Patara, Pinara, Olympos, Mira, Thios, etc.), slaveholding. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Attached to Rome. The capital is Patara. "">
LYDIA (700–546 BC) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. Withdrew from Phrygia. The capital is Sardis. Captured by the Achaemenid state. "">

M

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MAGADHA (1200–345 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India. Capital — Rajagriha. Transformed into Nanda Empire.>
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Историческая справка

Страна
MACAO (port) (AD 1557-1999) Possession of Portugal. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the lease of Macau from the Chinese Ming Empire. Attached to PRC). Capital - Macau.">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
MACEDONIA (AD 1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Macedonia). Formed in the territory of modern Macedonia as a result of the withdrawal from Yugoslavia. Renamed North Macedonia (Republic of North Macedonia) in 2019. The capital is Skopje">
MACEDONIA (ancient) (495–330 BC}, {281–148 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Greece. (It was formed as a result of separation from the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids. It became part of the Empire of Alexander the Great}. {It left the State of Lysimachus. It was conquered by the Roman Republic). The capital is Pella. The most prominent rulers: Philip II [382–336], Alexander the Great [356–323] "">
MADAGASCAR (AD 1975–) State, capitalist (Republic of Madagascar). Formed on the territory of modern Madagascar as a result of the renaming of the Malagasy Republic. Capital - Antananarivo">
MADAGASCAR (Fr.) (AD 1896-1960) Possession of France (since 1958 - the autonomous Republic of Malagasy). Formed on the territory of modern Madagascar as a result of the establishment of a French protectorate over Kingdom of Madagascar. The independent Republic of Malagasy is proclaimed. Capital - Tananarive">
MADURAI SULTANATE (AD 1334–1378) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of conquest Pandya. Capital - Madurai. Won Vijayanagara Empire">
Индия Nepal
MA'IN (750–100 BC) State, slave, monarchical (Kingdom of Ma'in). Arose in the territory of Yemen. Сonquered by Saba. Capitals — Yathill, Qarnawu">
MAJAPAHIT (AD 1293–1520) State, feudal, monarchical. It was created on the territory modern Indonesian Prince of the State of Singasari. Disintegrated. Capital is Majapahit">
Indonesia
MAJIRTIN (AD 1650-1878) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Majirtin). Formed on the territory of modern Somalis by immigrants from the Somali clans Majirtin and Darod. Conquered by the Sultanate of Hobio. Capital - Ras Khafun">
MALACCA (Dutch) (AD 1641–1795}, {1818–1825) Colony of the Netherlands. (Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the conquest of the Dutch West India Company of Malacca (Port.). Occupied by Great Britain}, {Returned to the Netherlands. Transferred to Great Britain and included in the Straits Settlements (brit.)). Capital - Malacca">
Malaysia
MALACCA (Port.) (AD 1511–1641) A colony of Portugal. Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of the conquest of the Malacca Sultanate by Portugal. Conquered by the Dutch West India Company and formed the colony of Malacca (Dutch). Capital - Malacca">
Malaysia
MALACCA SULTANATE (AD 1400–1511) State, feudal. Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of the conquest of the Kingdom of Singapore. Conquered by Portugal and formed the colony of Malacca (Port.). Capital - Malacca">
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Таиланд
MALAGASY REPUBLIC (AD 1960-1975) Capitalist state. Formed on the territory of modern Madagascar as a result of the proclamation of independence of the possession of Madagascar (Fr.). Capital - Tananarive">
MALAWI (AD 1964–) State, capitalist (Republic of Malawi). Formed on the territory. modern Malawi as a result of the proclamation of independence, the possession of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Brit.) and its partition into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia. Capital - Zomba (until 1975), Lilongwe (from 1975)">
MALAY FEDERATION (AD 1957-1963) State, federal monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia. as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain by the Malay Federation (UK). Merged with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo. Capital - Kuala Lumpur">
Malaysia
MALAY FEDERATION (Brit.) (AD 1948-1957) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the transformation of the Malay Union (UK) into the Federation of Malay (UK). Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and the independent state of the Malay Federation was formed. Capital - Kuala Lumpur">
Malaysia
MALAYSIA (AD 1963–) State, federal monarchy (State of Malaysia). Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the unification of the Federation of Malay, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo. Capital - Kuala Lumpur">
MALDIV ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1887-1965) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Maldives as a result of the British conquest of the Maldiv islands. Independence from Great Britain is proclaimed and the Republic of Maldives is formed. Capital - Male">
Maldives
MALDIVES (AD 1965–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Maldives). Formed on the territory of modern Maldives as a result of the proclamation of the Maldives' independence from Great Britain. Capital - Male">
Maldives
MALETH (1000–480 BC) City-state, slave-owning, monarchical Phoenician colony. Founded by the Phoenicians on about. Malta. Conquered by Carthage. The modern city of Mdina "">
MALI (AD 1960–) Capitalist state (Republic of Mali). Formed on the territory of modern Mali as a result of the disintegration of the Federation of Mali (Fr.) and the declaration of independence of Mali. Capital - Bamako">
MALI EMPIRE (AD 1240-1545) The ancient state of the Malinke people. Formed on the territory of modern Mali as a result of its breakaway from the Ghana Empire. Conquered by the Songhai Empire. Capital - Kangaba">
MALI FEDERATION (Fr.) (AD 1959-1960) Possession of France, federation. Formed on the territory of modern Mali and Senegal as a result of the unification of the Sudanese Republic (Fr.) and Senegal (Fr.). Disbanded after the declaration of independence of Senegal and Mali. Capital - Dakar">
MALIA (1900–1750 BC) City-state. It originated during the Minoan civilization on the territory. O. Crete (modern Greece). Conquered by Knossos. (Malia is the modern name of the city-state, the real name is unknown) "">
MALTA (AD 1964–) State, capitalist (Republic of Malta since 1974). Educated on the territory modern Malta as a result of the declaration of independence in the British colony of Malta (Brit.). The capital is Valletta "">
MALTA (British) (AD 1800–1964) British possession (crown colony since 1814). Educated on the territory modern Malta as a result of the British conquest of the islands from France. The capital is Valletta. proclaimed independent from Great Britain "">
MALTESE ORDER (AD 1308–1522}, {1530–1798) State, feudal, theocratic (Sovereign military hospitable order of St. John, Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta). (How the state originated on the island of Rhodes (the territory of modern Greece) as a result of the conquest of the island of Rhodes by the knights of the Order of Malta (founded in 1048). The island of Rhodes was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, the knights of the Order of Malta were expelled from the island). (The state was recreated on the island of Malta. Island of Malta was conquered by France, the knights of the Order of Malta were expelled from the island. After the expulsion from Malta and the refusal of the Russian Emperor Alexander I from patronage over the Order, only the territory of the embassy in Rome remained in his sovereign possession) "">
MALWA SULTANATE (AD 1401–1531}, {1537–1542}, {1555–1562) The state, feudal, monarchical. (Arose in the territory of India as a result separation from Delhi Sultanate. Conquered Gujarat Sultanate}, {separated from the Gujarat Sultanate. Delhi Sultanate}, {Division of Delhi Sultanate. Conquered by Mughal Emperor). Capital - Dhar, Mandu">
MAMLUK SULTANATE OF EGYPT (AD 1250–1517) State, feudal. Formed in the territory of modern Egypt аs a result of the state overturn in Ayyubid Sultanate. The capital was Cairo. Conquered by Ottoman Empire">
MANA (843–800 BC}, {714–585 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Appeared on the territory. modern Iran. (Established by the Manneans. Capital - Zirta. Conquered by Urartu}. {Withdrawn from Urartu. Conquered by Media). "">
MANCHUKUO (AD 1932-1945) Puppet state (in 1932-34 - the State of Manchuria; in 1935-45 -Empire of Great Manchuria), Formed on the territory. modern PRC by the Japanese military administration in the Japanese-occupied territory of Manchuria. Became part of the Republic of China. Capital is Xinjing">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
MANTUA (600–218 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">
MARATHA EMPIRE (AD 1674-1818) State, feudal, monarchical, Hindu. Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from the Mughal Empire. Capital - Raigad, Pune. Britain conquered and incorporated into the possessions of the British East India Company">
MARAVI (AD 1680-1893) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Maravi). Formed on the territory of modern Malawi. It became part of the British Central African Protectorate. Capital - Mantimba">
MARI (2400–2315 BC}, {2150–1758 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Was on the territory. modern Syria. (Educated by the Sumerians. The capital is Mari. Became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {Left Sumer and Akkad. Became part of Babylonia) "">
MARIANA ISLANDS (Sp.) (AD 1668-1899) Possession of Spain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Northern Mariana Islands (USA) as a result of the declaration of the archipelago by the Spanish colony. Sold to Germany and incorporated into German New Guinea">
MARINID STATE (AD 1269-1420) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the collapse of the Almohad State. The capital is Fes. As a result of a coup d'état, it was transformed into the Wattasid State "">
MARION (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
MARSHALL ISLANDS (AD 1986–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of the Marshall Islands). Formed on the territory of modern Marshall Islands as a result of the withdrawal from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (USA) and the declaration of independence. Capital - Majuro">
MARSHALL ISLANDS (Germ.) (AD 1885-1906) Possession of Germany, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Marshall Islands as a result of the annexation of the archipelago by Germany. Included in German New Guinea. Capital - Majuro">
MARTINIQUE (Fr.) (AD 1674-1762}, {1763-1794}, {1805-1809}, {1816-) Possession France, overseas department. (Formed on the territory of modern Martinique (Fr.) as a result of the conquest of the island by France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation). Capital - Fort-de-France">
MASSILIA (600–49 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern France. Conquered by the Roman Republic. Today in its place is the city of Marseille. "">
MATARAM (AD 716–1016) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of its foundation by the feudal lord - Shaivite Sanjaya on the island of Java. Conquered by the state of Kediri. The capital is Mamratipura">
Indonesia
MAURETANIA (110 BC - AD 40) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Algeria. Conquered by the Roman Empire "">
MAURITANIA (AD 1960–) Capitalist State (Islamic Republic of Mauritania). Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a result of the declaration of independence from France Mauritania (Fr.). Capital - Nouakchott">
MAURITANIA (Fr.) (AD 1903-1904}, {1958-1960) Possession of France, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over the emirates of Adrar, Trarza, Brakna and Tagant}, {became part of French West Africa}, {seceded from French West Africa. Mauritania proclaimed independence). Capitals - Nouakchott">
MAURITIUS (AD 1968–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Mauritius). Formed on the territory of modern Mauritius as a result of Mauritius (Brit.) proclamation of independence from Great Britain. Capital - Port Louis">
MAURITIUS (Brit.) (AD 1887-1968) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritius as a result of the British conquest of the French colony Ile-de-France. Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and the Republic of Mauritius was formed. Capital - Port Louis">
MAURITIUS (Dutch) (AD 1638-1710) Possession of the Netherlands under the control of the Dutch East India Company. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritius as a result of the Dutch colonization of the island of Mauritius. Dutch settlers left the island. Capital - Port de Warwick">
MAURYA EMPIRE (322–185 BC) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern India as a result of the seizure of power in Nanda Empire by the Maurya dynasty. The capital was Pataliputra. Destroyed as a result of the seizure of power by the Shunga dynasty and the formation of Shunga Empire">
Афганистан Индия Иран Nepal Пакистан Бангладеш" "
MAYA CIVILIZATION (AD 250–1697) One of the oldest civilizations, formed on the territory of Guatemala to 250 AD, and is a series of independent city-states. Conquered Spain (the last city-state Tayasal conquered in 1697), it became part of New Spain.">
MAYOTTA (Fr.) (AD 1843–1896}, {1899–1914}, {1975–) Possession of France, overseas department. (Formed on the territory of modern Mayotte (Fr.) as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over the island of Mayotte. It became part of Madagascar (Fr.)}, {Withdrew from Madagascar (Fr.). Was a part of Madagascar (Fr.)}, {Withdrew from the Comoros (Fr.)). Capital - Dzaudzi (until 1977), Mamudzu (from 1977)">
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy (until 1815 - Duchy) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1348). In 1808-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Schwerin "">
Mecklenburg-Strelitz (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy (until 1815 - Duchy) of Mecklenburg-Strelitz). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1701). In 1808-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Neustrelitz "">
MEDIA (670–550 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Iran. Withdrew from Assyria. The capital is Ecbatana. It ceased to exist as a result of the seizure of power by the ancient Persian Achaemenid dynasty, which created the Persian Achaemenid Empire.">
MEGARA (650–338 VS}, {307–243 VS) City-state. (Born on the territory of modern Greece. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Seceded from Macedonia (Ancient). Became part of the Achaean Union) "">
MEGRELIA (AD 1491–1555) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Megrelia). It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of separation from the Imereti kingdom. The capital is Zugdidi. Fell into vassalage from the Ottoman Empire "">
MEGRELIA (osm.) (AD 1555–1803) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Megrelia), vassal of the Ottoman Empire. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of Mingrelia falling into vassalage from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Zugdidi. Became part of the Russian Empire "">
MELILLA (Spanish) (AD 1497–1912}, {1956–) Spanish possession. (It was formed on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the conquest of the city of Melilla from the State of the Marinids by Spain. It became part of Spanish Morocco}, {Withdrawn from Spanish Morocco, included in Spain, since 1995 - Autonomous city of Melilla "">
MEMPHIS (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
MENORCA (Brit.) (AD 1708–1782}, {1798–1802) Possession of Great Britain. (It was formed on the territory of modern Spain as a result of Great Britain seizing the island of Menorca from Spain. Returned to Spain}, {Teared away from Spain. Returned to Spain). The capital is Mahon. "">
MENTESHE (AD 1282–1391}, {1402–1425) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capitals - Milas, Menteshe "">
MERCIA (AD 527–918) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Mercia). Founded by the Anglo-Saxons in the territory. modern Great Britain (England). The capitals are Repton, Tamworth. Attached to Wessex. "">
MERCIA (AD 527–918) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Mercia). Founded by the Anglo-Saxons in the territory. modern Great Britain (England). The capitals are Repton, Tamworth. Attached to Wessex. "">
Messana (493–241 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Italy (O. Sicily) as a result of the renaming of the city-state of Zancla. Conquered by the Roman Republic. Currently - the city of Messina "">
METAPONT (600–272 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic. "">
MEXICO (AD 1821-) state (up to 1824 - an empire since 1824 - Republic). It was born on the territory of Mexico as a result of the defeat of Spain in the War of Independence of Mexico. Capital - Mexico City">
MIDDLE CONGO (Fr.) (AD 1903-1910). Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern Congo (Brazzaville) as a result of the renaming of the Congo (Fr.). Became part of French Equatorial Africa. Capital - Brazzaville">
MIDDLE FRANKISH KINGDOM (AD 843–855) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the division of the Frankish State. The capital is Aachen. Divided between West Frankish Kingdom, East Frankish Kingdom and Lorraine "">
MIDWAY ISLANDS (USA) (AD 1867–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). Formed on the territory of modern Midway Islands (USA) as a result of the annexation of the USA">
MILETA (1500–334 BC) City-state. Created by ancient Greek tribes on the territory. modern Turkey. Destroyed by Macedonia. "">
MILETA (700–480 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical Greek colony. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Malta. Conquered by Carthage "">
MING EMPIRE (AD 1368–1644) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern PRC as a result of the overthrow of the power of the Mongol Yuan Empire in Chinese lands. As a result of the transfer of power to the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Empire of China was formed. Capitals - Nanjing (1368-1421), Beijing (1421-1644)">
KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Мьянма PRC (People's Republic Of China)
MINSK PRINCIPALITY (AD 1101–1326) State, feudal, Slavic, specific principality. Originated on the territory modern Belarus as a result of separation from the Principality of Polotsk. Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Minsk "">
MITANNI (1520–1267 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Iraq. Educated by the Khurites. The capital is Washshukkanni. conquered by Assyria. "">
MOAB (1100–860 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. It was located on the territory. modern Jordan. Educated by the Moabites. Conquered by Israel.">
MOGADISHO (AD 1150-1250) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Mogadishu). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia. It became part of the state of Ajuran. Capital - Mogadishu">
MOGHULISTAN (AD 1347–1570) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Uzbekistan as a result of separation from Chagatai Khanate. In 1390-1416 - the vassal of Timurid Empire. The capitals were Almalyk (1346–1380, 1419–1570), Turpan (1380–1419). Conquered by Yarkent Khanate">
Казахстан Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Таджикистан Узбекистан" "
MOHENJO-DARO (2600 –1700 BC) City State Indus Valley Civilization, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Pakistan. Aryan tribes destroyed">
MOLDAVIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Moldova). Originated on the territory modern Moldova as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Chisinau "">
MOLDAVIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Moldova). Originated on the territory modern Moldova as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Chisinau "">
MOLDOVA (Russian) (AD 1829–1856) State, protectorate of the Russian Empire. Educated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the liberation of Moldova (osm.) from Ottoman dependence and the establishment of a protectorate of the Russian Empire. The capital is Iasi. Restored as an independent Principality of Moldova "">
MONACO (AD 1297–1793}, {1814–) Monarchical state (Principality of Monaco). Originated on the territory modern Monaco as a result of secession from the Republic of Genoa. Attached to France.},{Separated from France). Capital - Monaco "">
MONFERRAT (AD 1232-1708) State, feudal, monarchical. (Margravate of Montferrat, from 1574 - Duchy of Montferrat). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Casale Monferrato. Attached to the Duchy of Savoy "">
MONGOL EMPIRE (AD 1206–1271) State, feudal. Formed in the territory of modern Mongolia as a result of the seizure of northern China by Genghis Khan. It ceased to exist as a result of the uprising of the Red Bandages and the transformation into the Great Ming Empire">
Азербайджан Армения Афганистан Грузия Иран Казахстан Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China) KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Mongolia Пакистан Россия Таджикистан Туркмения Турция Узбекистан" "
MONGOLIA (AD 1911–1919}, {1921–) State, republic. (Formed on the territory of modern. Mongolia (monarchical State of Mongolia) as a result of separation from the Chinese Qing Empire. Occupied by Republic of China}, {Separated from the Republic of China). In 1924-1992 - Mongolian People's Republic. Capital - Ulan Bator (until 1924 it was called Urga)">
Mongolia
MONTENEGRO (AD 2006–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory modern Montenegro as a result of the collapse of Serbia and Montenegro. Capital - Podgorica "">
MONTSERRAT (Brit.) (AD 1962–) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory modern Montserrat (Brit.) as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.), which included the island of Montserrat. Capital - Plymouth (de jure), Brades (de facto)">
MORAVIAN SERBIA (AD 1371–1402) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Serbia as a result of the collapse of the Serbian kingdom. It became part of the Serbian despotism. Capital - Krusevac "">
MOREAN DESPOTATE (AD 1453–1460) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Greece. It was formed as a result of the fall of the Byzantine Empire (as part of the Byzantine Empire, it existed as a province since 1308). The capital is Mistra. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire "">
MORGANNUG (AD 942-1091) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of the merger of Gwent and Gleevising. The capital is not defined. Conquered by England">
MOROCCO (AD 1956–) State, capitalist (Kingdom of Morocco). Formed on the territory of modern Morocco as a result of the declaration of independence from France Morocco (fr.) March 2, 1956 Capital - Rabat">
MOROCCO (fr.) (AD 1912–1956) Possession of France. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the division of the territory of the Sultanate of Morocco between France and Spain. The capital is Rabat. Incorporated into independent Morocco "">
MOSCOW PRINCIPALITY (AD 1480–1547) State, feudal, monarchical (Grand Duchy of Moscow). Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of getting rid of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. It was transformed into the Tsardom of Russia as a result of the coronation of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan IV the Terrible as Tsar. Moscow the capital "">
MOSCOW PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1263–1480) State, feudal, monarchical (since 1363 - the Grand Duchy of Moscow). Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Got rid of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, becoming an independent Moscow principality. Moscow the capital "">
Россия Финляндия " "
MOSQUITO KINGDOM (UK) (AD 1638–1787) State under British protectorate. Formed on the territory of Nicaragua as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the Miskito Indians. Capital — Sandy Bay. Became a part of New Spain">
MOTIA (900–305 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Phoenicians on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Conquered by Carthage. "">
MOZAMBIQUE (AD 1975–) Capitalist state (Republic of Mozambique). Formed on the territory of modern Mozambique as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Mozambique (Port.). Capital - Maputo">
MOZAMBIQUE (Port.) (AD 1505-1975) Possession of Portugal, also called Portuguese East Africa. Formed on the territory of modern Mozambique as a result of the Portuguese conquest of the territories of the Sultanate of Kilva, the kingdoms of Monomotapa, Maravi. The independence of Mozambique is proclaimed. Capital - Laurence Markish (from 1897)">
MRAUK U (AD 1429–1785) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar in the historical region of Arakan. Conquered by the Kingdom of Burma. Capital - Launggyet (1429-1433), Mrauk U (1433-1785)">
Мьянма
Mughal Empire">
Афганистан Индия Иран Пакистан Бангладеш Мьянма
MURCIA EMIRATE (AD 1031-1078}, {1223-1243) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. (It originated on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. Conquered by the Emirate of Seville}, {Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Almohad State. Conquered by Aragon) Capital - Murcia "">
MUSASIR (900–800 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. Conquered by Urartu. "">
MUSCAT AND OMAN (UK) (AD 1820–1970) State, monarchical (Sultanate of Muscat and Oman). Arose in the territory of Oman. 1891 — Establishing a British protectorate. Capital — Muscat. 1970 proclaimed the independent Sultanate Oman">
MUZAKI (AD 1371–1444) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Muzaki). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of the collapse of the Serbian kingdom. Became part of the Lega League. Capital - Berat "">
MYANMAR (AD 1989–) State, republic (Republic of the Union of Myanmar). Formed on the territory of modern Myanmar as a result of the renaming of Burma. Capitals - Naypyidaw (from 2005; to 2005 - Yangon)">
Мьянма
MYCENE (1700-1200 BC) City-state. It originated during the Mycenaean civilization on the territory. modern Greece. Destroyed by nomads called "peoples of the sea" "">
MYINSAING (AD 1297–1313) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar on the site of the Pagan kingdom by the Shan leaders. Destroyed as a result of Mongol raids. Capital is Myinsaing">
Мьянма

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Историческая справка

Страна
NABATEAN KINGDOM (169 BC - AD 106) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Jordan. Formed by the Nabataeans on the territory of the states: Egypt of the Ptolemies and the State of the Seleucids. The capital is Petra. Conquered by the Roman Empire "">
NAGORNO-KARABAKH REPUBLIC (AD 1992–) Self-proclaimed, state, republic. Formed on parts of the territory. modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from Azerbaijan. Capital - Stepanakert "">
NAKHICHEVAN KHANATE (AD 1747–1828) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Nakhichevan. "">
NAMIBIA (AD 1990–) State, capitalist (Republic of Namibia). Formed on the territory of modern Namibia as a result of the declaration of independence in the Trust Territory of South West Africa (RSA) and the formation of the Republic of Namibia. Capital - Windhoek">
NANDA EMPIRE (345–321 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India outbreak of the Nanda dynasty in Magadha. Capital - Pataliputra">
Индия Nepal Бангладеш" "
NANYUE (207–111 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchy. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a result of the Qin Empire's destruction of the Au Lac state. Destroyed by the state of Han. The capital is Panyu">
Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China)
NAPLES (700–327 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic. "">
NASSAU (AD 1806–1866) State, monarchical (Duchy of Nassau). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the unification of the principalities of Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Weilburg. In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of Prussia. Capitals - Weilburg, Wiesbaden (since 1816) "">
NATALIA REPUBLIC (AD 1839-1843) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the Boers' conquest of part of the Zulu Kingdom. Conquered by Great Britain to form the Colony of Natal (Brit.). Capital - Pietermaritzburg">
NAURU (AD 1968–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Nauru). Formed on the territory of modern Nauru as a result of the declaration of independence in the Nauru Trust Territory (Great Britain, Australian and New Zealand). Capital - Yaren">
NAURU (Brit., Austral. and New Zeal.) (AD 1920-1942}, {1947-1968) Trust Territory ruled by Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. (Formed on the territory of modern of Nauru as a result of the composition of German New Guinea and the transfer of the mandate for the administration of Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. Occupied by Japan}, {Released from occupation. Independence proclaimed). Capital - Yaren
Laos
NAVARRA (AD 1004–1076}, {1134–1512) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Navarre). (It was formed on the territory of modern Spain as a result of the renaming of Pamplona. Attached to the Kingdom of Aragon}, {Separated from the Kingdom of Aragon. Divided between France and Aragon). The capital is Pamplona.
NAXOS (735–403 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Destroyed by Syracuse. First Greek colony in Sicily
NDONGO (AD 1556-1626) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Ndongo). Formed on the territory of modern Angola as a result of secession from the Kingdom of the Congo. Conquered by Portugal and included in Angola (Port.). Capital - Cabaça
NEGERI SEMBILAN (AD 1773–1895) State, feudal (Sultanate of Negeri Sembilan). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of secession from the Sultanate of Johor. It became part of the protectorate of the Federated Malay States (Brit.). Capital - Seremban">
Malaysia
NEJD AND HIJAZ (AD 1926–1932) State, theocratic, Muslim (Kingdom of Nejd and Hijaz). Formed on the territory modern Saudi Arabia as a result of the unification of the Sultanate of Najd and the Kingdom of Hejaz. The capital is Riyadh. Changed to Saudi Arabia "">
NEKHEN (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Upper Egypt. "">
NEPAL (AD 1768–) State, republic (Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal). Formed on the territory of modern Nepal as a result of the unification of several dozen small principalities; in 1768-2008 - the monarchy (Kingdom of Nepal): in 1816-1923 - actually under the protectorate of Great Britain. Capital - Kathmandu">
Nepal
NERETVLYANSK PRINCIPALITY (AD 850–917) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the Croatian kingdom. Capital - undefined "">
NETHERLANDS (AD 1815–1940},{1944–) State, capitalist (Kingdom of the Netherlands). (It originated on the territory of the modern Netherlands as a result of the liberation of the Low Countries (approximately consisting of present-day Belgium and the Netherlands) from French occupation. Occupied by Germany}, {Restored as a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition over Germany). Capital - Amsterdam "">
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (AD 1948–2010) Possession of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory. modern Aruba (Dutch), Curacao (Dutch), Sint Marten (Dutch) and Caribbean Netherlands as a result of the transformation of the possession of Curacao and Dependencies territories into the Netherlands Antilles. It was divided into the possessions of Curacao (Dutch), Sint Maarten (Dutch) and Caribbean Netherlands. Capital - Willemstad">
NEUCHATEL (AD 1648–1707}, {1806–1815) State, monarchical (Principality of Neuchâtel). (It was formed on the territory of modern Switzerland as a result of separation from Switzerland. It became part of Prussia}, {As a result of the victory of the Napoleonic troops, it regained independence. It became part of Switzerland). The capital is Neuchâtel. "">
NEW CALEDONIA (Fr.) (AD 1853–) Possession of France (overseas department). Formed on the territory of modern New Caledonia (Fr.) as a result of the annexation of the island of New Caledonia by France. Capital - Noumea">
NEW FRANCE (AD 1534-1763) French colony. Formed on the territory of Canada as a result of travel J.Cartier ads open land ownership France. Britain conquered and became part of British America. Capital - Quebec">
NEW GRANADA (AD 1831-1863) State Republic (until 1858 the Republic of New Granada, Granada Confederation from 1858). It was born on the territory of Colombia, as a result of the collapse of Gran Colombia. Converted to Colombia. Capital - Bogota">
NEW GRANADA (Sp.) (AD 1717-1723}, {1739-1819) Colony of Spain (Viceroyalty). (Formed on the territory of modern Colombia as a result of separation from Peru (Sp.). Joined Peru (Sp.)}, {Recreated. It ceased to exist as a result of defeat in the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies and the declaration of independence of Great Colombia). Capital - Bogota">
NEW GUINEA (Austral.) (AD 1914-1949) Possession of Australia, Mandatory Territory. Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea as a result of the transfer of the colony of German New Guinea under the mandate administration of Australia and Japan. As a result of the merger with the Austral. colony of Papua (Austral.), the Trust Territory of the United Nations Papua New Guinea (Austral.) was formed. Capital - Rabaul (1921-1937), Lae (1937-1942), Wow (1942-1949)">
NEW GUINEA (Neth.) (AD 1949-1962) Colony of the Netherlands. (Formed on the territory of modern. Indonesia as a result of separation from the Dutch East Indies. Joined Indonesia. Сapital - Hollandia.
Indonesia
NEW HEBRIDES (Fr., Brit) (AD 1906-1980) Joint possession of France and Great Britain, condominium. Formed on the territory of modern Vanuatu as a result of the transformation of the disputed territory, under the control of the joint Anglo-French interim naval administration, into the New Hebrides (Fr., Brit.) condominium. The independent Republic of Vanuatu is proclaimed. Capital - Port Vila">
NEW NETHERLAND (AD 1614-1664}, {1673-1674) colony of the Netherlands. (Due to open on the territory of USA expedition Dutch East India Company of Manhattan Island and its inclusion in the Republic of the United Provinces. Transferred England}, {Reclaimed from England. Given to England). Capital - New Amsterdam (now New York)">
NEW SOUTH WALES (Brit.) (AD 1829-1833) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of the founding of the first british settlement in Australia. It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Sydney">
NEW SPAIN (AD 1522-1821) A colony of Spain (from 1535 - Vice-Kingdom). Formed on the territory оf Mexico as a result of campaigns Hernán Cortés and conquest of the Aztec Empire and the state of the Maya. Ceased to exist defeat in the War of Independence of Mexico. Capital - Mexico City">
NEW SWEDEN (AD 1638-1655) Colonia Sweden. Formed on the territory of USA as a result of selection New Netherland territory Swedish settlements. Moved to New Netherland. Capital - Fort Christina">
NEW ZEALAND (AD 1907–) Capitalist state. Formed on the territory of modern New Zealand as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain and obtaining the status of dominion. Capital - Wellington">
NEW ZEALAND (Brit. (AD 1841-1907) Possession of Great Britain (colony). Formed on the territory of modern New Zealand as a result of separation from the colony of New South Wales (British). Independence was proclaimed and dominion status granted. Capitals - Old Rassal (1841), Auckland (1841-1865), Wellington (from 1865)">
NEWFOUNDLAND (Brit.) (AD 1610-1949) a British colony (1907 - Dominion). Formed on the territory of Canada as a result of the base of English settlement on the island of Newfoundland. Included in Canada.Capital - St. John's.">
NEWSLAND (Brit.) (AD 1907-1953) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Malawi as a result of the renaming of the British Central African Protectorate. It became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Brit.). Capital - Zomba">
NGUYỄN (AD 1802–1883) State, monarchical (Nguyễn Dynasty). Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as a result of the transfer of power to the Nguyen dynasty in the state of Đại Việt. A protectorate of France was established and the state was divided into the protectorates of Cochinchina (Fr.), Annam (Fr.) and Tonkin (Fr.). The dynasty existed until 1945.Capital - Hue">
NICARAGUA (AD 1838-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Nicaragua). Formed on the territory of Nicaragua, following the withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Central America. Capital - Managua">
NICENE EMPIRE (AD 1204–1261) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Assignee of the Byzantine Empire in the territory left after the formation of the Latin Empire. The capital is Nicaea. After the liquidation of the Latin Empire, the capital Constantinople and the name of the Byzantine Empire were returned. "">
NICOBAR ISLANDS (Austr.) (AD 1778-1783) Possession of Habsburg Empire. Formed as a result of the transition from the Danish Nicobar Islands of India to the Habsburg Empire. Transferred Danish India">
NIEUWE REPUBLIEK (AD 1884-1888) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the transfer of land to the Boers by the leader of the Zulu. It became part of South African Republic (Transvaal). Capital - Freyheid">
NIGER (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Republic of Niger). Formed on the territory of modern Niger as a result of the declaration of independence from France in Niger (Fr.). Capital - Niamey">
NIGER (Fr.) (AD 1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic. Formed on the territory of modern Niger as a result of secession from French West Africa. The independence of Niger is proclaimed. Capital - Niamey">
NIGER COAST PROTECTORATE (Brit.) (AD 1893-1900) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria by renaming the Oil Rivers Protectorate (Brit.) to Niger Coast Protectorate (Brit.). It became part of Southern Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Calabar">
NIGERIA (AD 1960–) Capitalist state (Federal Republic of Nigeria). Formed on the territory fo modern Nigeria as a result of the proclamation of independence of the possession of Nigeria (Britain). Capital - Lagos (until 1991), Abuja (from 1991)">
NIGERIA (Brit.) (AD 1914-1960) Possession of Great Britain, colony and protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the unification of the possessions of Northern Nigeria (Brit.) and Southern Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Lagos">
NIUE (Brit.) (AD 1900-1901) British possession. Formed on the territory of modern Niue (New Zeal.) As a result of the annexation of the islands by Great Britain. Transferred to New Zealand. Capital - Alofi">
NIUE (New Zel.) (AD 1901–) Possession of New Zealand, since 1974 - free association with New Zealand. Formed on the territory of modern Niue (New Zeal.) as a result of the transfer of islands from Great Britain to New Zealand. Capital - Alofi">
NIZHNY NOVGOROD-SUZDAL PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1341–1425) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Nizhny Novgorod "">
NOGAI HORDE (AD 1440–1555) State, feudal, monarchical, nomadic. Originated on the territory modern Russia in the process of disintegration of the Golden Horde into a number of independent states. It fell into vassal dependence on the Russian kingdom. Capital - Saraichik "">
NOGAI HORDE (Russian) (AD 1555–1634) State, vassal of the Russian kingdom. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Nogai Horde falling into vassal dependence on the Russian kingdom. Attached to the Russian kingdom. Capital - Saraichik "">
NORA (700–535 BC) City-state, slave, monarchist. Founded by the Phoenicians on the territory. modern Italy (about. Sardinia). Conquered by Carthage "">
NORFOLK ISLAND (Austr.) (AD 1914–) Possession (Outer Territory) of Australia. Formed on the territory of modern Norfolk Islands (Austr.) as a result of separation from the colony of Tasmania (Brit.). Transferred to Australia. Capital - Kingston">
NORFOLK ISLAND (Brit.) (AD 1788-1914) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Norfolk Island (Austr.) as a result of the annexation of the island by Great Britain. Transferred to Australia. Capital - Kingston">
NORTH BORNEO (Brit.) (AD1888–1941},{1945–1946},{1946–1963) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate (since 1946 - crown colony). (It was formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over North Borneo (part of the Brunei Empire). Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation and transferred under the control of the British military administration (Borneo)}, {The colony of North Borneo was formed (Brit. After the declaration of independence from Great Britain became part of Malaysia).). Capital - Kudat (1881-1884), Sandakan (1884-1945), Jesselton (from 1946)">
Malaysia
NORTH CAUCASIAN EMIRATE (AD 1919, September - 1920, March) The state, monarchical, Muslim under the protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. Became part of Soviet Russia. The capital is Vedeno. "">
NORTH CAUCASIAN IMAMAT (AD 1829–1859) State, theocratic, Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the unification of the mountain peoples of Chechnya and Dagestan during the Caucasian War. Conquered by the Russian Empire. The capitals are Akhulgo, Dargo, Vedeno. "">
NORTHERN MARIAN ISLANDS (USA) (AD 1986–) United States unincorporated organized territory (Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands). Formed on the territory of modern Northern Mariana Islands (USA) as a result of the withdrawal from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (USA). Capital - Saipan"">
NORTHERN NIGERIA (Brit.) (AD 1900-1914) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over the states of Sokoto and Bornu. Merged with Southern Nigeria (Brit.) to Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Zungeru">
NORTHERN QI (AD 550–577) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of a coup in the state of Eastern Wei. Conquered by the state of Northern Zhou. Capital - Yechen">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
NORTHERN RHODESIA (Brit.) (AD 1924-1953) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Zambia as a result of the division of Rhodesia (Brit.) into Northern Rhodesia (Brit.) and Southern Rhodesia (Brit.). Joined the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Brit.). Capital - Lusaka">
NORTHERN WEI (AD 386-535) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the unification of small states after the collapse of the Jin Empire. Broken up into Western Wei and Eastern Wei. Capital - Pingcheng">
Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China)
NORTHERN YUAN (AD 1368–1691) State, monarchical (Northern Yuan Mongolian Khaganate). Originated on the territory modern Mongolia as a result of secession from the Mongol Yuan Empire. It became part of the Chinese Qing Empire. Capitals - Shangdu (1368–69), Yingchang (1369–70), Karakoram (1371–88)">
Россия Mongolia
NORTHERN ZHOU (AD 557–581) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of a coup in the state of Western Wei. Destroyed by the Sui Dynasty and the Sui Empire formed. Capital is Chang'an">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
NORTUMBRIA (AD 616–878) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Great Britain (South East Scotland and North East England) as a result of the unification of Bernicia and Deira. The capitals are Bamburk, York. Attached to England. "">
NORWAY (AD 872–1028},{1035–1319},{1363–1397},{1905–1940},{1945–) Monarchical state (Kingdom of Norway). (It originated on the territory of modern Norway as a result of the unification of separate Norwegian regions into a single state. Conquered by Denmark},{Recreated. United with Sweden},{Separated from Sweden. United with Denmark},{Recreated. Occupied by Germany},{Restored in result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition over Germany). Capital - Oslo "">
NOVA COLONIA DEL SACRAMENTO (Port.) (AD 1680-1705}, {1716-1776) Colony of Portugal. (Formed on the territory of modern Uruguay as a result of the founding of a colony on the banks of La Plata}, {Conquered by Spain, became part of Peru (Sp.)}, {Returned to Portugal. Joined the Rio de la Plata (Sp.)). Capital - Colonia del Sacramento">
NOVGOROD REPUBLIC (AD 1136–1259) State, feudal, republic. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from Kievan Rus. It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Novgorod "">
NOVGOROD REPUBLIC (yoke) (AD 1259–1478) State, feudal, republic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Novgorod Republic falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Pirconnected to the Moscow principality (yoke). Capital - Novgorod "">
Россия Финляндия" "
NOVGOROD-SEVERSK PRINCIPALITY (AD 1097–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of secession from Kievan Rus. It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Novgorod-Seversky "">
Украина Россия
NOVGOROD-SEVERSK PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1362) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the Novgorod-Seversky principality falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Novgorod-Seversky "">
Россия Украина" "
NUMIDIA (201–46 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Algeria by uniting the Numidian tribes. The capitals are Zithra and Bulla Regia. Conquered by the Roman Republic. "">

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Историческая справка

Страна
ODRIS KINGDOM (460-341 BC}, {171 BC-AD 46) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria. (Formed as a result of the unification of the Thracian tribes. Capitals - Apollonia and Kypsela. Conquered by Macedonia}, {Separated from Macedonia. Became part of the Roman Empire). "">
OGUZ STATE (AD 756–1055) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Kazakhstan as a result of the formation of the state among the Oghuz. The capital is Yangikent. It ceased to exist under the onslaught of the Kipchak tribes and became part of the Kipchak Khanate. "">
OH (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nom), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
OIL RIVERS PROTECTORATE (Brit.) (AD 1884-1893) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over local tribes. Renamed Niger Coast Protectorate (Brit.). Capital - Calabar">
OLBIA (647-108 BC}, {63 BC - AD 370) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory of modern Ukraine. Conquered by the Pontic kingdom}, {Restored independence. Destroyed by the Huns) "">
OLDENBURG (AD 1806–1810}, {1814–1871) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy (until 1829 - Duchy) of Oldenburg). (It was formed on the territory of modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (it was formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1773). Attached to France}, {Recreated. Became part of united Germany). In 1808-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Capital - Oldenburg "">
OLMEC CIVILIZATION (1500-500 BC) The first major civilization originated on the territory of Mexico. disappeared">
OMAN (AD 1970–) State, monarchical (Sultanate Oman). Arose in the territory of Oman as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. Capital — Muscat">
OMAN (Port.) (AD 1508–1650) Possession of Portugal. Arose in the territory of Oman as a result of the conquest of its coastline of Portugal. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire">
ORAN (Spanish) (AD 1509–1708) Possession of Spain. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of the Spanish conquest of the fortress of Oran from the State of the Abdalwalids. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire "">
ORANGE (AD 1530–1713) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Orange). Originated on the territory modern France (as a county within France existed since 1163) as a result of separation from the Papal States and the transition under the rule of the Nassau dynasty. It was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The capital is Orange. Annexed to France "">
ORANGE FREE STATE (AD 1854-1902) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the recognition by Great Britain of the independence of the possession of Great Britain Orange River Sovereignty (Brit.). Conquered by Great Britain to form the Orange River Colony (Brit.). Capital - Bloemfontein">
ORANGE RIVER COLONY (Brit.) (AD 1902-1910) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the Orange Free State. Joined the Union of South Africa. Capital - Bloemfontein">
ORANGE RIVER SOVEREIGNTY (Brit.) (AD 1848-1854) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the Orange River region. Great Britain recognized independence with the formation of the Orange Free State. Capital - Bloemfontein">
ORDER OF THE Sword (AD 1207–1237) State, feudal, theocratic. Originated on the territory modern Latvia as a result of the conquest of part of the Latvian during the Northern Crusades by the knights of the Order of the Sword (founded in 1202). It was part of the Principality of Terra Mariana (part of the Holy Roman Empire). It became part of the Teutonic Order (under the name of the Livonian Order). The capital is Riga. "">
OTTOMAN EMIRATE (AD 1281–1452) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey by the Ottoman Turks on the territory allocated by the Konya Sultanate. An independent sultanate since 1299. The capital is Bursa. Transformed into the Ottoman Empire through conquests in Asia, Europe and Africa "">
OTTOMAN EMPIRE (AD 1453–1918) State, feudal. Formed in the territory of modern Turkey from Ottoman Beylik as a result of gains in Asia, Europe and Africa. The capital was Istanbul. Disintegrated as a result of defeat in World War I and occupied by the victorious states (Great Britain and France)">
OWNERSHIP OF A DUTCH WEST INDIAN COMPANY (AD 1634-1792) Possessions of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory. modern Curacao (Durch) as a result of the transfer of the rights of the West India Company to manage the island of Curacao. Transferred to the Netherlands">
OWNERSHIP OF IMPERIAL BRITISH EASTERN AFRICA COMPANY (AD 1888–1895) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Kenya as a result of the granting of the right to manage British holdings in East Africa. Transferred to Great Britain and renamed British East Africa. Capital - Mombasa">

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Историческая справка

Страна
PACIFIC ISLANDS (US Trusteeship) (AD 1947-1994) US Trust Territory. Formed on the territory of modern Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands (USA) and Palau as a result of the transfer of the South Pacific Mandate (Jap.) to US control. Capital - Saipan">
PAFLAGONIA (281–107 BC) Hellenistic slaveholding state, form of government monarchy. It was formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great on the territory. modern Turkey. Included in the Pontic kingdom. "">
PAGAN (AD 1044–1297) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Pagan). Formed on the territory modern Myanmar as a result of the unification of disparate principalities by the king of Anoratha. Destroyed as a result of Mongol raids. Capital - Pagan">
Мьянма
PAHANG (AD 1770–1895) State, feudal (Sultanate of Pahang). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of secession from the Sultanate of Johor. It became part of the protectorate of the Federated Malay States (Brit.). Capital - Pecan">
Malaysia
PAKISTAN (AD 1947 -) State Muslim. (Islamic Republic of Pakistan). Formed on the territory of Pakistan as a result of withdrawal from the British India and the declaration of independence from Great Britain (until 1956 - Dominion). Capitals - Karachi (1947-1958), Rawalpindi (1958-1962), Islamabad (1962)">
PALA EMPIRE (AD 750-1174) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result coming to power in Bengal Pala dynasty. Empire conquered Sena">
Индия Nepal Бангладеш Мьянма
PALAU (AD 1994–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Palau). Formed on the territory of modern Palau as a result of the withdrawal from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (USA) and the declaration of independence. Capital - Ngerulmud (from 2006), Koror (until 2006)">
PALESTINE (Brit.) (AD 1922–1948) League of Nations Mandate under British administration. Educated on the territory modern Israel as a result of accession to the territory of Palestine (a zone of British occupation) of the southwestern part of Syria. The capital is Jerusalem. Ceased to exist as a result of the declaration of independence by the State of Israel (May 14, 1948) "">
PALESTINE (zone of British occupation) (AD 1918–1922) Territory occupied by one of the victorious states in the 1st World War (Great Britain). Formed as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Jerusalem. Transferred by the League of Nations under the mandate of Great Britain (Palestine (Brit.)) "">
PALLAVA EMPIRE (AD 315–898) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the collapse of the Satavahan Empire. Capital - Kanchi. Won state Chola">
PALMIRA ATOLL (USA) (AD 1900–) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). Formed on the territory of modern Palmyra Atoll (USA) as a result of the annexation of the United States">
PAMPLONA (AD 824–1004) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Pamplona). Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of separation from the Frankish State. The capital is Pamplona. Renamed to Navarre "">
PANAMA (AD 1903-) A state capitalist, republic (Republic of Panama). Formed on the territory of Panama as a result of separation from Colombia. Capital - Panama">
PANAMA CANAL ZONE (USA) (AD 1903-1979) Possession of the United States. Founded on the territoryof Panama as a result of the transition area around the Panama Canal under the control of the United States. Attached to Panama. Capital - Balboa">
PANCHALA (1100–600 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India. Fell into disrepair">
PANDYA (300 BC-AD 1334) State, slave, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the beginning of the reign kind Pandya. Capital - Madurai. Won Madurai Sultanate">
PANTICAPOY (600-480 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory. modern Ukraine. It became part of the Bosporus kingdom, becoming its capital. Was on the territory. modern Kerch "">
PAPES (AD 752-1798}, {1799-1809}, {1815-1870) Monarchic, theocratic state. (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Lombard Kingdom. Transformed into the Roman Republic}, {Restored. Divided between France and the Italian Kingdom}, {Restored. Attached to Italy). Capital - Rome "">
PAPHOS (669–570 BC) Greek city-state. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient). According to mythology, the city of Paphos is the birthplace of the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite. "">
PAPUA - NEW GUINEA (AD 1975–) State, capitalist (Independent State of Papua New Guinea). Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea as a result of the declaration of independence from Australia in the UN Trust Territory Papua New Guinea (Austral.). Capital - Port Moresby">
PAPUA - NEW GUINEA (Austral.) (AD 1919-1949) Possession of Australia (Trust Territory of the United Nations Territory of Papua New Guinea). Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea as a result of the unification of the Austral. colony of Papua (Austral.) and the Mandatory Territory of New Guinea (Austral.). Capital - Port Moresby">
PAPUA (Austral.) (AD 1902-1949) Possession of Australia, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea as a result of the transfer of the colony of New Guinea (Britain) under the control of Australia. As a result of the unification with the Mandatory Territory of New Guinea (Australia), the Trust Territory of the United Nations Papua New Guinea (Australia) was formed. Capital - Port Moresby">
PAPUA (Brit.) (AD 1883-1902) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Papua New Guinea as a result of the annexation of the territory by Great Britain. Transferred under the control of Australia .. Capital - Port Moresby">
PARAGUAY (AD 1811–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Paraguay). Formed on the territory of modern Paraguay as a result of the withdrawal from the Rio de la Plata (Sp.) and the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Paraguay. Capital - Asuncion">
PARMA DUchy (AD 1545–1801}, {1815–1859) State, monarchical (Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla). (It originated on the territory of modern Italy as a result of separation from the Duchy of Milan. It became part of the Cisalpine Republic}, {Restored after the end of the French occupation. It became part of the United Provinces of Central Italy). Capital - Parma "">
PARTENOPEAN REPUBLIC (AD 1799, January–1799, July) State, subsidiary republic of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the overthrow of the monarchy in the Kingdom of Naples. Eliminated as a result of the restoration of the monarchy in the Kingdom of Naples. The capital is Naples. "">
PARTHIAN KINGDOM (250 BC - AD 224) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Iran. It was torn away from the State of the Seleucids by the Saka tribe of Parns. The capital is Hecatompylae. Ceased to exist as a result of the seizure of power by the ancient Persian Sassanid dynasty (Persian Sassanid Empire) "">
PASAI (AD 1267–1521) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of separation from the state of Srivijaya. Became part of the Aceh Sultanate. Capital - Pasai
Indonesia
PELUSSIUM (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (AD 1970–1990) State socialist. Formed on the territory of Yemen as a result of renaming the People's Republic of South Yemen. Capital — Aden. Became part of Yemen"">
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF SOUTH YEMEN (AD 1967–1970) State socialist. Arose in the territory of Yemen as a result of the declaration of independence from the UK Federation of South Arabia (UK) and the Protectorate of South Arabia (UK). Capital — Aden. Renamed the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen">
PERAK (AD 1528–1895) State, feudal (Sultanate of Perak). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia after the collapse of the Malacca Sultanate in 1511. It became part of the protectorate of the Federated Malay States (Brit.). Capital - Ipoh">
Malaysia
PEREYASLAV PRINCIPALITY (AD 1054–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of secession from Kievan Rus. Conquered by the Golden Horde. Capital - Pereyaslavl "">
PERSIA (AD 1750–1935) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Persian State of Nadir Shah and the coming to power of the Zend dynasty. The capital is Tehran. Renamed to Iran "">
PERSIAN EMPIRE OF THE AKHEMENIDS (550–330 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iran. It was formed as a result of the seizure of power in Media by the ancient Persian Achaemenid dynasty. The capital is Persepolis (main). Became part of the Empire of Alexander the Great. Most prominent ruler Cyrus II [550–530 BC] "">
PERSIAN POWER OF NADIR SHAH (AD 1736–1750) State, feudal. Formed as a result on the territory. modern Iranian coup d'état in the Persian Safavid state by Nadir Khan Afshar. The capital is Mashhad. Disintegrated, the Zend dynasty came to power, forming Persia "">
PERSIAN SASANID EMPIRE (AD 224-651) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Iran. It was formed on the site of the Parthian kingdom as a result of the seizure of power by the Sassanid dynasty. The capital is Ctesiphon. Conquered by the Arab Caliphate.
PERSIAN STATE OF THE SAFEVIDS (AD 1502–1736) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the seizure of power in the capital of the State of Ak-Koyunlu Tabriz, on the territory. modern Iran by the Safavid dynasty. As a result of the coup d'état, it was transformed into the Persian State of Nadir Shah. "">
PERU (AD 1824–1836}, {1839–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Peru). (It was born on the territory of modern Peru as a result of the defeat of Spain in the War of Independence and the proclamation of independence in Peru (Sp.)}, {It became a member of the Confederation of Peru and Bolivia. It seceded from the Confederation of Peru and Bolivia). Capital - Lima">
PERU (Sp.) (AD 1533-1824) A colony of Spain (from 1535 - Vice-Kingdom). Formed on the territory оf Peru as a result of campaigns F. Pissaro and conquest of the Inca Empire. Ceased to exist defeat in the War of Independence. Capitals - Kusko, Lima">
PERVANE (AD 1292–1393}, {1402–1461) State, feudal. (Formed on the territory of modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capital - Sinop "">
PHANAGORIA (543–480 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Teos on the territory. modern Russia. Became part of the Bosporan kingdom "">
PHILIPPINES (AD 1946–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of the Philippines). Formed on the territory of modern Philippines as a result of the declaration of independence from the United States. Capital - Manila">
Philippines
PHILIPPINES (Sp.) (AD 1565–1898) Colony of Spain (captainship general). Created on the territory modern Philippines as part of New Spain. It ceased to exist as a result of the Spanish-American War and the occupation of the United States and the transformation into the possession of the United States. Capitals - Cebu (1565-1571), Manila (1571-1898)">
Philippines
PHILIPPINES (USA) (AD 1898-1941}, {1945-1946) Possession of the USA. (Formed on the territory of the present-day Philippines as a result of the transfer of the Philippines (Spanish) to the USA. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. The independent state of the Philippine Republic is proclaimed). Capital - Manila.">
Philippines
PHOENICIA (2025–564 BC) Conglomerate of city-states, Phoenician slave. Born on the territory modern Lebanon. Created by the Phoenicians. Conquered by Babylonia "">
Phrygia (1200–550 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Formed by the Phrygians on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Gordion. Conquered by Lydia. "">
PINYA (AD 1313–1365) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar as a result of a coup in the state of Myinsaing. Disintegrated, in its place the state of Ava was formed. Capital - Pinya">
Мьянма
PIOMBINO (AD 1399-1801) State, feudal, monarchical (since 1594 - the Principality of Piombino). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Pisan Republic (formally part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Piombino. Annexed to the Kingdom of Etruria "">
PISA REPUBLIC (AD 1003–1406) State, feudal, oligarchic republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Pisa. Conquered by the Florentine Republic "">
PITCARNE ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1838–) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory. modern Pitcairn Islands (Brit.) as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over Pitcairn Island. Capital - Adamstown">
PITIUNTE (500–102 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Georgia. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. Located on the site of the current Pitsunda "">
POLAND (AD 960–1569},{1916–1939},{1945–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Poland). (It originated on the territory of modern Poland as a result of the unification of Polish tribes and the formation of the Polish principality, from 1025 - the Kingdom of Poland. United with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into the Commonwealth confederation}, {Revived as a result of the recognition by Germany and Austria-Hungary of the independent Kingdom of Poland, with 1919 - Republic of Poland. Liquidated by Germany as a result of occupation, the General Government was created on the territory of Poland},{Recreated as a result of liberation from German occupation by Soviet troops; in 1945-1989 - the Polish People's Republic). Capitals - Gniezno (until 1320), Krakow (1320–1569), Warsaw "">
POMERUN (Dutch) (AD 1650-1689) Colony of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory. modern Guyana as a result of the founding of the Dutch West India Company settlement on the banks of the Pomeroon River. Destroyed by France, the territory became part of Essequibo (Dutch). Capital - New Middelburg">
PONTIAN KINGDOM (301–63 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning state, form of government monarchy. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Amasya. Incorporated into the Roman Republic. "">
PORTUGAL (AD 1143–1581},{1640–) State, capitalist (Portuguese Republic). (It was formed on the territory of modern Portugal as a result of separation from the Kingdom of Castile and Leon. Became part of Spain}, {Separated from Spain). Capitals - Coimbra (until 1256), Lisbon. "">
PORTUGUESE INDIA (AD 1505-1961) Possession of Portugal. Formed as a result of warping Portuguese colonies in India. Capital - Cochin, Goa (1530). Became a part of India">
POSSESSION HAMDANIDS (AD 905-1003) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Iraq as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Mosul. Conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate. "">
Powys (AD 410–854) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Powys). Originated on the territory modern Great Britain as a result of the separation of the territory of eastern Wales, inhabited by cornovii, from the Western Roman Empire. The capitals are Pengvern, Matarwal. Became part of Gwynedd. "">
PRC (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA) (AD 1949–) State, socialist republic. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the victory in the civil war over the army of the Republic of China and the proclamation of the People's Republic of China on the territory of mainland China (Republic of China relocated to Taiwan, which is now a partially recognized state). Capital - Beijing">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
PRINCIPALITY OF ALBANIA (AD 1368–1444) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from the Kingdom of Naples. Became part of the Lega League. Capital - Durres "">
PRINCIPALITY OF ANTIOCHE (AD 1098–1268) State, feudal, monarchical. It was formed by the crusaders on the territory of the Seljuk State (the territory of modern Syria). The capital is Antioch. Conquered by the Mamluk State. "">
PRINCIPALITY OF ARBERIA (AD 1190–1254) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the Despotate of Epirus. Capital - Kruya "">
PRINCIPALITY OF CAPUIA (AD 862–1130) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Capua). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Principality of Salerno. Annexed to the Kingdom of Apulia and Sicily. Capital - Capua "">
PRINCIPALITY OF CHERNIGOV (AD 1097–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 1024). It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Chernihiv "">
PRINCIPALITY OF CHERNIGOV (yoke) (AD 1240–1356) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of falling of the Chernihiv principality under the Tatar-Mongolian yoke. It became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Chernigov Principality existed as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1401). Capital - Chernihiv "">
PRINCIPALITY OF GALICIA (AD 1140–1199) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 1084). United with the Volyn principality in the Galicia-Volyn principality. Capital - Galich "">
PRINCIPALITY OF GALICIA-VOLYNIA (AD 1199–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the unification of the Galician and Volyn principalities. It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capitals - Vladimir-Volynsky (1199-1205), Galich (1238-1240) "">
PRINCIPALITY OF GURI (osm.) (AD 1555–1804) State, feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the entry of the Gurian principality into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Ozurgeti. Became part of the Russian Empire "">
PRINCIPALITY OF MOLDOVA (AD 1359–1456}, {1856–1859) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Romania as a result of separation from Hungary. It fell into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire}, {Recreated as an independent principality. Merged with the Principality of Wallachia into the United Principality of Wallachia and Moldavia). Capitals - Siret (1359-1385), Suceava (from 1385-1456), Iasi (from 1856) "">
PRINCIPALITY OF NITRA (AD 796–833) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Slovakia after the destruction of the Avar Khaganate by the Frankish state. It became part of Great Moravia. Capital - Nitra "">
PRINCIPALITY OF POLOCK (AD 1044–1307) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Belarus as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 981). Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Polotsk "">
PRINCIPALITY OF PRAGUE (AD 895–950) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Czech Republic as a result of separation from Great Moravia. Became part of the German kingdom. Capital - Prague "">
PRINCIPALITY OF SMOLENSK (AD 1127–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 1010). It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Smolensk "">
PRINCIPALITY OF SMOLENSK (yoke) (AD 1240–1404) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Smolensk principality falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Smolensk "">
PRINCIPALITY OF WALACHIA (AD 1330–1415}, {1856–1859) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Romania as a result of separation from Hungary. It fell into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Emirate}, {Recreated as an independent principality. Merged with the Principality of Moldova into the United Principality of Wallachia and Moldavia). The capitals are Campulung, Curtea de Arges, Bucharest. "">
PROTECTORATE ADEN (UK) (AD 1869–1962) State under British protectorate. Formed on the territory of Yemen as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the sultanates and sheikhdoms South Arabia. Capital — Aden. Сonverted Protectorate of South Arabia (UK)">
PROTECTORATE OF SOUTH ARABIA (UK) (AD 1963–1967) State under British protectorate. Formed on the territory of Yemen as a result of сonverted Aden Protectorate (UK). Became part of the People's Republic of South Yemen">
PROVENCE (AD 855–879) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Provence). Originated on the territory modern France as a result of the division of the Middle Frankish Kingdom. The capital is Arles. Renamed Kingdom of Lower Burgundy. "">
PRUSSIA (AD 1701–1871) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Prussia). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the transformation of the Electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Became part of a united Germany. The capital is Berlin. "">
PSKOV REPUBLIC (AD 1348–1510) State, feudal, republic. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Novgorod Republic (yoke). Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Pskov "">
PTOLEMAI EGYPT (305–30 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Egypt. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great. Incorporated into the Roman Republic. The most prominent rulers: Ptolemy I [305–283 BC], former commander and bodyguard of Alexander the Great, Cleopatra [69–30 BC] and others. "">
PUERTO RICO (Sp.) (AD 1580-1898) Colony of Spain (captaincy general). Created on the territory of modern Puerto Rico (USA) as part of New Spain. It ceased to exist as a result of the Spanish-American War and the US occupation. Capital - San Juan">
PUERTO RICO (USA) (AD 1898–) US possession, unincorporated organized territory; a state associated with the United States. Formed on the territory of modern Puerto Rico (USA) as a result of the US occupation of the Colony of Puerto Rico (Sp.). Capital - San Juan">
PYLOS (1700–1200 BC) City-state. It originated during the Mycenaean civilization on the territory. modern Greece. Destroyed by nomads called "peoples of the sea" "">

Q

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Историческая справка

Страна
QARA KHITAI (AD 1124–1218) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern China as a result of the fall of the Liao Empire. Originated Khitan prince Ye-lu Dashi. The capital was Balasagun (from 1134). Conquered by Mongol Empire">
Казахстан Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China) Россия Mongolia Таджикистан Узбекистан" "
QATABAN (750–25 BC},{AD 100–160) State, slave, monarchical. (Arose in the territory of Yemen. Сonquered by Himyar}, {Separated from Himyar.Сonquered by Hadramaut). Capital — Timna">
QATAR (AD 1850–1868},{1971–) State, monarchical (from 1971 — State of Qatar). (Arose in the territory of Qatar as a result of separation from the Emirate of Nejd. Establishing a British protectorate — Qatar (UK). In 1871–1914 — in the Ottoman Empire}, {Declaration of independence from Great Britain). Capital — Doha">
QATAR (Port.) (AD 1517–1538) Possession of Portugal. Arose in the territory of Qatar as a result of his conquest of Portugal. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire">
QATAR (UK) (AD 1868–1871},{1914–1971) State, monarchical under British protectorate. (Arose in the territory of Qatar as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over Qatar. Occupied by the Ottoman Empire}, {Restored British protectorate. September 3, 1971 proclaimed the independent State of Qatar). Capital — Doha">
QIN EMPIRE (221–206 BC) Ancient state . Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the unification of small appanage principalities by the ruler of the kingdom of Qin Shi Huangdi. As a result of the uprising, a new Han dynasty came to power. Capital - Xianyang">
PRC (People's Republic Of China)
QING EMPIRE (AD 1636–1912) State, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern China as a result of the separation of Northeast China (Manchuria) from the Great Ming Empire. As a result of the revolution, the Republic of China was proclaimed. The capitals were Shengjing (1636–1644), Peking (1644–1912)">
Казахстан Киргизия Россия (СибФО) Россия (ДФО) PRC (People's Republic Of China) Mongolia
QUEBEC (Brit.) (AD 1763-1791) a British colony (since 1783 as part of the British North America). Formed on the territory of Canada as a result of the transfer of New France territory UK. Divided between Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Capital - Quebec">
QUEENSLAND (Brit.) (AD 1859-1901) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of separation from the colony of New South Wales (Brit.). It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Brisbane">

R

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Историческая справка

Страна
RAI EMPIRE (AD 489–651) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of Pakistan as a result of separation from the Gupta Empire. Capital - Al-Rohr. Conquered by the Arab Caliphate">
RASHKA (AD 825–917}, {1170–1346) State, feudal, monarchical (principality until 1217, kingdom from 1217). (It originated on the territory of modern Serbia as a result of separation from the First Bulgarian Kingdom. It became part of the First Bulgarian Kingdom}, {Separated from the Byzantine Empire. Became part of the Serbian Kingdom). Capital - Stari Ras "">
RASHTRAKUTA EMPIRE (AD 753–982) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of conquest Chalukya Rashtrakuta dynasty. Chalukyas. Capital - Manyakheta. Won West Chalukya">
REDDI KINGDOM (AD 1325–1448) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India after the collapse of the Kakatiya. Capital - Addanki. Won Vijayanagara Empire">
REGED (AD 450–638) State, feudal, monarchical. Founded by the Britons on the territory. modern Great Britain (in Scotland). The capital is Carlisle. Conquered by Northumbria. "">
REPUBLIC OF CHINA (AD 1912–1949) State, republic. Originated in the territory of modern PRC as a result of the overthrow of the monarchical system in the Qing Empire. After the defeat in the civil war, it relocated to the island of Taiwan (in the now partially recognized state – Taiwan), in the territory of mainland China in 1949 the People's Republic of China was proclaimed. Capital – Beijing">
Россия (СибФО) PRC (People's Republic Of China)
REPUBLIC OF GENOA (AD 1005–1797) State, feudal, oligarchic republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Genoa. Incorporated by Napoleon into the Ligurian Republic "">
REPUBLIC OF ITALY (NAPOLEON) (AD 1802–1805) State, subsidiary kingdom of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the renaming of the Cisalpine Republic. Transformed into the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleon). The capital is Milan. "">
REPUBLIC OF KOREA (AD 1948–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of Korea as a result of the proclamation of the Republic of Korea within the American Occupation Zone of Korea. Capital - Seoul">
Republic Of Korea
REPUBLIC OF RIFA (AD 1921–1926) State, capitalist (Confederate Republic of the Tribes of Rif). Educated on the territory modern Morocco, as a result of the declaration of independence of the tribes of Rif, is led by Abd al-Krim in the territory of Spanish Morocco. Incorporated into Spanish Morocco "">
REPUBLIC OF SEVEN ISLANDS (AD 1800–1807) Greek state, protectorate of the Ottoman Empire (actually a protectorate of the Russian Empire). Formed on the territory modern Greece as a result of the liberation of the Ionian Islands by the Russian squadron. The capital is not. Became part of France, since 1809 - part of the Illyrian provinces (fr.)). "">
REPUBLIC OF SIENNA (AD 1143–1555) State, feudal, oligarchic republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Siena. Became part of the Duchy of Florence "">
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA (RSA) (AD 1961–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the transformation of the Union of South Africa into Republic of South Africa. Capitals - Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)">
REPUBLIC OF THE UNITED PROVINCES (AD 1581–1795) State, republican. Formed on the territory modern Netherlands as a result of the victory of the Dutch bourgeois revolution and separation from the Holy Roman Empire. Transformed into the Batavian Republic as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. The capital is The Hague. "">
REPUBLIC OF VENICE (AD 697–1797) State, feudal, oligarchic republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. The capital is Venice. Divided between the Austrian Empire, the Cisalpine Republic and France "">
REUNION (Fr.) (AD 1793–1801}, {1848–) Possession of France, overseas department. (Formed on the territory of modern Reunion (Fr.) as a result of renaming the island of Bourbon (Fr.). Renamed to Bonaparte Island (Fr.)}, {Island of Bourbon (Fr.) renamed to Reunion (Fr.)). Capital - Saint-Denis">
REUSS (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Principality of Reuss). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (consisted of four parts: the Principality of Reuss-Ebersdorf, Reuss-Greutz, Reiss-Lobenstein, Reuss-Schleutz; in 1848 they were transformed into two principalities: Reuss of the junior line and Reuss of the senior line). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany). Capital - Gera "">
RHODES (408-340 BC}, {190 BC - AD 44) State, slaveholding. (It was formed on the territory of modern Greece as a result of the unification of the cities of the island of Rhodes. It was conquered by the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids}. {It left the Seleucid State. It became part of the Roman Empire). The capital is Rhodes. "">
RHODESIA (Brit.) (AD 1895-1924) A British holding run by the British South African Company. Formed on the territory of modern Zambia and Zimbpbwe as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over Barotseland. Divided into Northern Rhodesia (Brit.) and Southern Rhodesia (Brit.). Capital - Salisbury">
RIAU-LINGGA (AD 1824–1911) State, feudal (Sultanate of Riau-Lingga). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of secession from the Sultanate of Johor. It became part of the Dutch East Indies. Capital - Dyke">
Indonesia Singapore
RIO DE LA PLATA (Sp.) (AD 1776-1814) Colony of Spain (Viceroyalty). Formed on the territory of modern Argentina as a result of separation from Peru (Sp.). It broke up into the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, Paraguay and Bolivia (ceded to Peru (Sp.)). Capital - Buenos Aires">
RIVIÈRES DU SUD (Fr.) (AD 1882-1891} Possession of France, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern Guinea as a result of the unification of the coastal Guinean territories occupied by France into the colony of Rivières du Sud (Fr.). Renamed into Guinea (Fr.). Capital - Conakry">
RODESIA (AD 1964-1979) An unrecognized state (since 1970 - the Republic of Rhodesia; in 1979 - Zimbabwe-Rhodesia). Formed on the territory of modern Zimbabwe as a result of the collapse of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Brit.). British possession of Southern Rhodesia (Brit.) is re-established. Capital - Salisbury">
ROMAN REPUBLIC (509–27 BC) State, slaveholding, form of government republic. Originated on the territory modern Italy. Founded as a result of the overthrow of the king in Rome (ancient). The capital is Rome. Transformed into a monarchy - the Roman Empire. "">
ROMAN REPUBLIC (NAPOLEON) (AD 1798–1799) State, subsidiary republic of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of the liquidation of the Papal States by Napoleon. Eliminated as a result of the restoration of the Papal States. The capital is Rome. "">
ROMANIA (AD 1862–) State, capitalist, republic (until 1947 - monarchy, Kingdom (until 1881 - Principality) of Romania) (Republic of Romania; in 1946-1989 - the Socialist Republic of Romania, until 1965 - the Romanian People's Republic). Originated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the transformation of the United Principality of Wallachia and Moldavia into the Kingdom of Romania. Capital - Bucharest "">
ROME (754–509 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Latins on the territory. modern Italy. Transformed into the Roman Republic. Legendary founder and ruler - Romulus {754–716} "">
ROSTOV PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1364–1474) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Rostov "">
ROURAN KHAGANATE (AD 402–552) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Mongolia as a result of merger Mongolian nomadic tribes. Converted in Turkic Khaganate as a result of the conquest by the Turks">
Казахстан Киргизия Россия (СибФО) Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China)
RUANDA-URUNDI (Belg.) (AD 1916-1962) Possession of Belgium, mandate (trust) territory. Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the occupation of part of the territory of German East Africa by Belgium and later (since 1922) transferring it under the mandate control of Belgium. Independence was proclaimed and divided into the states of Rwanda and Burundi. Capital - Usumbura">
RUSSIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Russian Federation). Formed as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Moscow the capital "">
RUSSIAN AMERICA (AD 1799-1867) Ownership of the Russian Empire. The resulting base of the Russian-American Company of colonies on the territory of present-day Alaska, USA. Capital - Archangel. Sold USA">
RUSSIAN EMPIRE (AD 1721–1917) State, monarchical. It developed on the territory. modern Russia was the basis of the Russian kingdom, which Peter I declared an empire. The capital is St. Petersburg. As a result of the February Revolution, the Russian Republic was proclaimed. "">
RUSSIAN REPUBLIC (AD 1917, February–1917, October) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory modern Russia as a result of the liquidation of the monarchy in the Russian Empire during the February Revolution. Transformed into Soviet Russia (RSFSR) as a result of a coup d'état (October Revolution). Capital - Petrograd "">
RUSSIAN Tsardom (AD 1547–1721) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia's transformation resulted from the coronation of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan IV the Terrible as tsar. Transformed into the Russian Empire by Peter I. Capital - Moscow "">
RUSTAMID STATE (AD 761–909) State, feudal theocratic (Kharijite) Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of the unification of the Berber tribes. The capital is Tahart. Conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate. "">
RWANDA (AD 1962–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Rwanda). Formed on the territory of modern Rwanda as a result of the declaration of independence of the possession of Ruanda-Urundi (Belg.) and its division into the states of Rwanda and Burundi. Capital - Kigali">
RYAZAN PRINCIPALITY (AD 1129–1240}, {AD 1480–1521) State, feudal, Slavic (Ryazan principality, Muromo-Ryazan principality, Ryazan grand principality). (It originated on the territory of modern Russia as a result of separation from the Chernigov principality. It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke}, {Returned independence. Attached to the Moscow principality). Capitals - Ryazan, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan "">
RYAZAN PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1480) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Ryazan principality falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Returned independence. Capital - Chernihiv "">
RYUKYU (AD 1429-1879) State, feudal, monarchical (Ryukyu Korodevstvo). Formed on the territory of modern Japan on the Ryukyu Islands as a result of the unification of separate principalities. Attached to Japan. Capital - Shuri">
  • Japan

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    SAADIAN EMPIRE (AD 1509–1659) State, the feudal theocratic Arab-muslim. Formed in the territory of modern Morocco as a result of separation from Wattasid sultanate. The capital was Marrakesh. as a result of the collapse of Formed by Alawite dynasty">
    SAAR (AD 1920–1935) Territory administered by the League of Nations. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of separation from Germany after the defeat of Germany in the 1st World War. Became part of Germany. Capital: Saarbrücken "">
    SAAR (fr.) (AD 1945–1956) Protectorate of France. Formed on the territory. modern Germany as a result of the occupation of the territory by France as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. Became part of Germany. Capital: Saarbrücken "">
    SABA (1200–25 BC},{AD 100–270) State, slave, monarchical (Sabaean Kingdom). (Arose in the territory of Yemen as a result of the relocation of tribes Sabeans from northwestern Arabia. Сonquered by Himyar}, {Separated from Himyar.Сonquered by Himyar). Capitals — Marib, Sanaa. Visit ruler Sabaean kingdom Bilqis (Queen of Saba) to King Solomon described in the Bible">
    SAGAING (AD 1315-1365) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Myanmar after the destruction of the state of Pagan. Transformed into the State of Ava. Capital - Sagaing">
    Мьянма
    SAHRAWI ARAB DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (SADR) (AD 1976–) Partially recognized state. Formed on the territory of modern Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a result of the declaration of independence in the possession of Spanish Sahara, most of the country is occupied by Morocco. Capital - Tifariti (actual)">
    SAINT BARTHÉLEMY (Fr.) (AD 2007–) Possession of France, overseas community. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Barthélemy (Fr.) as a result of separation from the possession of Guadeloupe (Fr.). Capital - Gustavia">
    SAINT BARTHÉLEMY (Sw.) (AD 1784–1801}, {1802–1878) Possession of Sweden, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Saint Barthélemy (Fr.) as a result of the purchase of an island from France by Sweden. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Liberated from occupation. Returned to France, became part of the possession of Guadeloupe (Fr.)). Capital - Gustavia">
    SAINT CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA (Brit.) (AD 1962-1983) Possession of Great Britain (since 1967 - a state associated with Great Britain) .Formed on the territory of modern Saint Kitts and Nevis as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (British). The independent state of Saint Kitts and Nevis is proclaimed. Capital - Basseterre">
    SAINT HELENA (Brit.) (AD 1657-2009) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory. modern Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Brit.) as a result of the British conquest of Saint Helena. Renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Brit.). Capital - Jamestown">
    SAINT HELENA, ASCENSION AND TRISTAN DA CUNHA (Brit.) (AD 2009–) British possession. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Brit.) as a result of the renaming of Saint Helena (Brit.). Capital - Jamestown">
    SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS (AD 1983–) State capitalistic (Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis). Formed on the territory of modern Saint Kitts and Nevis as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (Brit.). Capital - Basseterre">
    SAINT LUCIA (AD 1979–) State capitalistic. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Lucia as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Saint Lucia (Brit.). Capital - Castries">
    SAINT LUCIA (Fr.) (AD 1643-1762}, {1763-1778}, {1794-1795}, {1796-1802}, {1803-1803) Possession of France, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Lucia as a result of the conquest of the island of Saint Lucia by France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Conquered by Great Britain). Capital - Castries">
    SAINT MARTIN (Fr.) (AD 2007–) Possession of France, overseas community. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Martin (Fr.) as a result of separation from the possession of Guadeloupe (Fr.). Capital - Marigot">
    SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON (Fr.) (AD 1763–1778},{1783–1793},{1816–) Possession of France, overseas community. (Formed on the territory of modern Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Fr.) as a result of the transfer of the islands from Great Britain to France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Returned to France. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Returned to France)Capital - Saint-Pierre">
    SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES (AD 1979–) State capitalistic. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Brit.). Capital - Kingstown">
    SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES (Brit.) (AD 1776-1779}, {1784-1833}, {1962-1979) Possession of Great Britain, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a result of the British conquest of the island of Saint Vincent. Occupied by France}, {Liberated from occupation. It became part of the British Windward Islands colony}, {Withdrew from the West Indies Federation (Brit.} The independent state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is proclaimed). Capital - Kingstown">
    SAINT. LUCIA (Brit.) (AD 1803-1838}, {1962-1979) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Lucia as a result of the British conquest of the French colony Saint Lucia (Fr.). Joined the British Windward Isles colony}, {Separated from the West Indies Federation (Brit.). The independent state of Saint Lucia is proclaimed). Capital - Castries">
    SAINT-DOMINGUE (Fr.) (AD 1625-1804) Colony of France. Created on the territory of modern Haiti as a result of the conquest of the island of Tortuga from Spain. The independent empire of Haiti is proclaimed. Capital - Cap-France (until 1770), Port-au-Prince (from 1770)">
    SAIS (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nom), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
    SAJID STATE (AD 889–941) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. The capitals are Maragha, Ardabil. Transformed into the Salarid State as a result of the conquest of power by the Salarid dynasty. "">
    SALAMINUS (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient). According to Greek tradition, the city was founded after the Trojan War by the son of Telamon, the archer Tevkrom "">
    SALERNO (AD 849–1078) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Salerno). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Principality of Benevento. Annexed to the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria. Capital - Salerno "">
    SALM (AD 1806–1810) State, monarchical (Principality of Salm). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1802). Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Attached to France (in 1814 attached to Prussia). Capital - Bocholt "">
    SALUZZO (AD 1142-1548) State, feudal, monarchical. (Margraviate of Saluzzo). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Saluzzo. Conquered by France "">
    SALZBURG (AD 1278–1805) State, theocratic (Principality of Salzburg or Archbishopric of Salzburg, from 1803 - Grand Duchy of Salzburg). Originated on the territory modern Austria as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Annexed to the Austrian Empire. Capital - Salzburg "">
    SAMAL (900–720 BC) State, slaveholding, form of government monarchy. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. The capital is Samal. Made a province of Assyria "">
    SAMO (AD 623–658) State, feudal, Slavic (Principality of Samo). Originated on the territory modern Czech Republic as a result of the conquest of the Avar Kaganate by the Slavs (Wends). Disintegrated as a result of defeat from the Avars "">
    SAMOA (AD 1997–) State, capitalist, monarchy (Independent State of Samoa). Formed on the territory of modern Samoa as a result of the renaming of Western Samoa to Samoa. Capital - Apia">
    SAMOA (Germ.) (AD 1900-1914}, {1920-1920) Possession of Germany, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Samoa as a result of the annexation of parts of the islands of the Samoa archipelago. Occupation by New Zealand}, {Occupation ended. Transferred to New Zealand Mandate). Capital - Apia">
    SAMOS (700–520 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Greece (Samos island). Conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The city of Samos still exists today. "">
    SAMTSKHE-SAATABAGO (AD 1466–1555) State (principality), Georgian feudal, monarchical. The capital is Akhaltsikhe. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the collapse of the Georgian kingdom. It was divided into two possessions, falling into vassal dependence on the Ottoman Empire and the Persian state of the Safavids "">
    SAMTSKHE-SAATABAGO (osm.) (AD 1555–1590) State (principality), Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Akhaltsikhe. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the division of Samtskhe-Saatabago into two possessions. Became part of the Ottoman Empire "">
    SAMTSKHE-SAATABAGO (Pers.) (AD 1555–1590) State (principality), Georgian feudal, monarchical, vassal of the Persian state of the Safavids. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the division of Samtskhe-Saatabago into two possessions. The capital is Akhaltsikhe. Became part of the Ottoman Empire "">
    SAN MARINO (AD 301–) State, capitalist (Republic of San Marino). Formed on the territory modern San Marino to Saint Marino, who fled from Dalmatia (in modern Croatia) from religious persecution, calved from the Roman Empire. Capital - San Marino "">
    SAN TOME AND PRINCIPE (AD 1975–) State, capitalist (Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe). Formed on the territory of modern Sao Tome and Principe as a result of the proclamation of the independence of the possession of Sao Tome and Principe (Port.). Capital - Sao Tome">
    SAN TOME AND PRINCIPI (Port.) (AD 1485–1580}, {1640–1641}, {1649–1975} Possession of Portugal. (Formed on the territory of modern Sao Tome and Principe as a result of the conquest of the islands by Portugal. into the possession of Spain}, {Returned to Portugal. Occupied by the Spanish Netherlands. Returned to Portugal}, {Proclaimed the independence of Sao Tome and Principe). Capital - Sao Tome">
    SANTO DOMINGO (Sp.) (AD 1493-1795) Colony of Spain (captaincy general). Created on the territory of modern Dominican Republic as part of New Spain. It ceased to exist as a result of the conquest by France. Capital - Santo Domingo">
    SAO TOME AND PRINCIPI (Sp.) (AD 1580-1640) Possession of Spain. Formed on the territory of modern Sao Tome and Principe as a result of the transfer of islands from Portugal to Spain. The islands were returned to Portugal. Capital - Sao Tome">
    SARAVAK (Brit.) (AD 1888-1941}, {1945-1946}, {1946-1963) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate (since 1946 - crown colony). (Formed on the territory of modernMalaysia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the Brunei Empire. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation and transferred under the control of the British military administration (Borneo)}, {The colony of Sarawak (Brit.) was formed. After the declaration of independence from Great Britain became part of Malaysia). Capital - Kuching">
    Malaysia
    SARUKHAN (AD 1300–1390}, {1402–1405) State, feudal. (Formed as a result of separation from the Sultanate of Konya. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate}, {Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capitals - Magnesia, Manisa "">
    SATAVAHANA EMPIRE (230 BC-AD 220) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the beginning of the collapse of the Mauryan Empire Capital - Amaravati. Disintegrated">
    SAUDI ARABIA (AD 1932–) State, theocratic, Muslim (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Formed on the territory modern Saudi Arabia as a result of the transformation of the Kingdom of Najd and Hijaz. Capital - Riyadh "">
    SAXE-COBURG AND GOHA (AD 1826–1871) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the duchies of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. In 1826–1866 he was a member of the German Confederation, in 1867–1871 he was a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capitals - Coburg, Gotha "">
    SAXE-MEININGEN (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1680). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital: Meiningen "">
    SAXEN-COBURG-SAAALFELD (AD 1806–1826) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1699). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1826 - a member of the German Confederation. Merged with the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg to form the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Capital - Coburg "">
    SAXEN-GOTHA-ALTEBURG (AD 1806–1826) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1680). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1826 - a member of the German Confederation. Merged with the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to form the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Capital - Gotha "">
    SAXEN-HILDBURGHAUSEN (AD 1806–1826) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1680). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1826 - a member of the German Confederation. Annexed to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen. Capital: Hildburghausen "">
    SAXE-WEIMAR (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Duchy of Saxe-Weimar; until 1809 it was divided into two duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1572). In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Weimar "">
    SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe; until 1807 - County of Schaumburg-Lippe). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1643). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Bückeburg "">
    SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (AD 1386–1474) State, feudal (County of Schleswig-Holstein). Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification with the Duchy of Schleswig and the County of Holstein. It was repeatedly in vassalage from Denmark or the Holy Roman Empire. Capital is Kiel "">
    SCHLEZWIG (AD 1058-1386},{1474-1863) State, feudal (Duchy of Schleswig). (It originated on the territory of modern Germany as a result of secession from Denmark. Merged with the county of Holstein, forming the county of Schleswig-Holstein}, {Recreated as a result of the division of the county of Schleswig-Holstein. Became part of Prussia). It was repeatedly in vassalage from Denmark or the Holy Roman Empire. Capital - not set. "">
    SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1710 as a result of the transformation of the County of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Rudolstadt "">
    SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (as part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was formed in 1699 as a result of the transformation of the County of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Sondershausen "">
    SCOTLAND (AD 843–1296}, {1328–1707) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Scotland). (It originated on the territory of modern Great Britain as a result of the unification of the Kingdom of the Picts and Dal Riada. Attached to England}, {Separated from England. United with England to form Great Britain). Capitals - Skoon (until 1492), Edinburgh (since 1492) "">
    SCYTHIAN KINGDOM (585-108 BC}, {63 BC - AD 250) State, slaveholding, monarchical. (Formed by Scythian tribes on the territory of modern Ukraine. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus}, {Restored independence. Destroyed by the Goths). Capital - Scythian Naples (since 130 BC) "">
    SEBENNIT (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Lower Egypt. "">
    SEISILLUG (AD 680-920) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of the renaming of Ceredigion. Capital undefined. Merged with Dyved to form Deheubarth. "">
    SELANGOR (AD 1766–1895) State, feudal (Sultanate of Selangor). Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of secession from the Sultanate of Johor. It became part of the protectorate of the Federated Malay States (Brit.). Capital - Shah Alam">
    Malaysia
    SELINUNTE (628-409 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Destroyed by Carthage "">
    SELJUK STATE (AD 1038–1157) State, feudal. It was formed by the nomadic tribes of the Oghuz-Seljuks as a result of the capture of the north-west. parts of the Ghaznavid State (the territory of modern Iran). Capitals - Rey (until 1072), Isfahan (since 1072). It ceased to exist as a result of the raids of the nomadic Oghuz tribes and the conquest of most of the territory by the State of Khorezmshahs "">
    SENA EMPIRE (AD 1070–1230) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from Pala Empire. Capital - Nabadwip. Won Deva dynasty">
    Индия Nepal Бангладеш" "
    SENEGAL (AD 1960–) Capitalist state (Republic of Senegal). Formed on the territory of modern Senegal as a result of the disintegration of the Federation of Mali (Fr.) and the declaration of independence of Senegal. Capital - Dakar">
    SENEGAL (Fr.) (AD 1626-1758}, {1779-1809}, {1817-1895}, {1958-1959) Possession of France, since 1958 - an autonomous republic. (Formed on the territory of modern Senegal as a result of the establishment of a French protectorate over the tribes of Senegal. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Released from occupation. Became part of French West Africa}, {Withdrawn from French West Africa Merged with the Republic of Sudan (Fr.) into the Federation of Mali (Fr.) Capital - Dakar">
    SENNAR (AD 1504-1821) State, monarchy (Darfur Sultanate of Sennar). Formed on the territory of modern Sudan by the Fung people. It became part of the Ottoman Empire. Capital - Sennar">
    SERBIA (AD 2006–) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory modern Serbia as a result of the collapse of Serbia and Montenegro. Capital - Belgrade "">
    SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO (AD 2003–2006) State, capitalist, republic. Formed on the territory modern Serbia and Montenegro as a result of the renaming of Yugoslavia. Broken up into Serbia and Montenegro. Capital - Belgrade "">
    Serbian Despotate (AD 1402–1459) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Serbia as a result of the unification of Morvian Serbia, the Region of Branković and Zeta. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capitals - Smederevo, Belgrade "">
    SERBIAN KINGDOM (AD 1346–1371) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Serbia as a result of the unification of the Serbian principalities around the Kingdom of Raska. The capitals are Skopje and Prizren. Broken up into a number of states, including Moravian Serbia "">
    SEYCHELLES (AD 1976–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Seychelles). Formed on the territory of modern Seychelles as a result of the proclamation of Seychelles (Brit.) independence from Great Britain. Capital - Victoria">
    SEYCHELLES (Brit.) (AD 1903-1976) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Seychelles as a result of separation from Mauritius (Brit.). Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and the Republic of Seychelles was formed. Capital - Victoria">
    SHAMSHADI SULTANATE (AD 1747–1801) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Shamkir. "">
    SHANG (1600-1046 BC) Ancient kingdom (other names are Yin, Shang-Yin). Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the replacement of the Xia dynasty. Overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty. Capital - Yin">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    SHEKI (AD 1353–1551) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of the collapse of the Khulaguid State. Conquered by the Persian Safavid Empire. Capital - Sheki "">
    SHEKI KHANATE (AD 1747–1805) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Sheki. "">
    SHIRVAN KHANATE (AD 1747–1805) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Shemakha. "">
    SHU (AD 221–263) The ancient kingdom of the era of the Three Kingdoms. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the collapse of the Han Empire. It became part of the Wei State. Capital - Chengdu">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    SIAM (AD 1782-1939) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Siam or Kingdom of Rattanakosin). Formed on the territory of modern Thailand as a result of the coup in the Kingdom of Thonburi and the accession of the Chakri dynasty. Renamed Kingdom of Thailand. Capital - Bangkok">
    Таиланд Камбоджа Мьянма Laos Malaysia
    SIBERIAN KHANATE (AD 1495–1555}, {1572–1598) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Russia as a result of the transformation of the Tyumen Khanate. It fell into vassal dependence on the Russian kingdom.}, {Restored independence. Conquered by the Russian kingdom). Capital - Kashlyk "">
    SIBERIAN KHANATE (rus.) (AD 1555–1572) State, vassal of the Russian kingdom. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Siberian falling into vassal dependence on the Russian kingdom. Restored independence. Capital - Kashlyk "">
    SICILIAN EMIRATE (AD 965-1091) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of secession from the Fatimid Caliphate. The capital is Palermo. Conquered by the Normans, who formed the County of Sicily "">
    SIDE (168 BC - AD 36) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Withdrew from Rhodes. conquered by the Roman Empire. "">
    SIDON (2000–564 BC) Phoenician slave city-state. Was on the territory. modern Lebanon. Created by the Phoenicians. Conquered by Babylonia "">
    SIERRA LEONE (AD 1973–) Capitalist state (Republic of Sierra Leone). Formed on the territory of modern Sierra Leone as a result of the proclamation of independence of the possession of Sierra Leone (Brit.). Capital - Freetown">
    SIERRA LEONE (Brit.) (AD 1787-1961) Possession of Great Britain, colony (from 1808) and protectorate (from 1896). Formed on the territory of modern Sierra Leone as a result of the coastal conquest and the founding of the settlement of Freetown. Capital - Freetown">
    SIKH EMPIRE (AD 1799-1849) State, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of conversion of Sikh Confederation. Capitals - Gujranwala, Lahore. Britain conquered and incorporated into the possessions of the British East India Company">
    Индия Пакистан" "
    SILLA (57 BC–AD 935) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Republic of Korea as a result of the unification of tribal unions. As a result of the fall of the state of Silla, the state of Goryeo was formed. Capitals - Gyeongju>
    KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Republic Of Korea
    SINGAPORE (AD 1965–) State, republic (Republic of Singapore). Formed on the territory of modern Singapore as a result of separation from Malaysia. Capital - Singapore">
    Malaysia Singapore
    SINGAPORE (Brit.) (AD 1819-1826) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Singapore as a result of the purchase of the island from the local owner. It became part of the British colony Straits Settlements. Capital - Singapore">
    Malaysia Singapore
    SINGASARI (AD 1222–1292) State, feudal, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia as a result of the conquest of the state of Kediri. Transformed into the state of Majapahit. Capital - Malang">
    Indonesia
    SINOPA (630–183 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. "">
    SINT MARTEN (Dutch) (AD 2010–) Possession of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of modern Sint Marten (Dutch) as a result of the termination of the possession of the Netherlands Antilles and its division into Curacao (Dutch), Sint Marten (Dutch) And the Caribbean Netherlands. Capital - Philipsburg">
    SITAWAKA (AD 1521–1593) State, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Sri Lanka as a result of secession from the state of Kotte. It became part of the Kingdom of Kandy. The capital is Sitawaka">
    SIUT (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nom), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Upper Egypt "">
    SLOVAK REPUBLIC (FIRST) (AD 1939–1945) State, republic, satellite of Nazi Germany. Educated on the territory modern Slovakia as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia. It became part of Czechoslovakia. Capital - Bratislava "">
    SLOVAKIA (AD 1993–) State, capitalist, republic (Slovak Republic). Formed on the territory modern Slovakia as a result of the collapse of Czechoslovakia. Capital - Bratislava "">
    SLOVENIA (AD 1991–) State, capitalist, republic (Republic of Slovenia). Formed on the territory modern Slovenia as a result of secession from Yugoslavia. Capital - Ljubljana "">
    SMIRNA (190–133 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Withdrew from the State of the Seleucids. Conquered by the Roman Republic. As the city exists until our time, the modern Turkish name is Izmir. "">
    SOCOTRA (Port.) (AD 1506–1511) Possession of Portugal. Arose in the territory of Yemen as a result of the conquest Socotra by Portugal. Portugal left the island. Capital — Suk">
    SOGD (AD 700–550 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the formation of the state among the Sogdians. The capital is Maracanda. Conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire. "">
    SOISSONS KINGDOM (AD 476-486) ​​State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern France as a result of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Soissons. Conquered by the Frankish state. "">
    SOKOTO (AD 1804-1900) Islamic State, monarchy (Sokoto Caliphate). Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the Fulani jihad. It became part of Northern Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Sokoto">
    SOLDAYA (Genoese) (AD 1365–1475) City-state, colony of the Republic of Genoa. Born on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The modern city of Sudak "">
    SOLOMON ISLANDS (AD 1978–) Capitalist state. Formed on the territory of modern Solomon Islands as a result of the independence of the Solomon Islands (Brit.). Capital - Honiara">
    SOLOMON ISLANDS (British) (AD 1893-1942}, {1943-1978) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. (Formed on the territory of the present-day Solomon Islands as a result of the annexation of the southern and central parts of the Solomon Islands by Great Britain. Occupied by Japan}, {Liberated from occupation. The independent state of Solomon Islands was proclaimed). Capital - Tulagi (until 1952), Honiara">
    SOLS (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
    SOMALIA (AD 1960-) Capitalist state (Federal Republic of Somalia). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia as a result of the declaration of independence in the colonies of Somaliland (Brit.) and Somalia (It.) and their unification. Capital - Mogadishu">
    SOMALIA (It.) (AD 1889-1936}, {1947-1960) Possession of Italy. (Formed on the territory of modern Somalia as a result of the establishment of Italian protectorate over a number of Somali sultanates. Including in Italian East Africa}, {Recreated as a result of the end of the British military administration in Somalia. Independence was proclaimed and incorporated into Somalia). Capital - Mogadishu">
    SOMALILAND (Brit.) (AD 1884-1940}, {1941-1960) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. (Formed on the territory of modern of Somalia as a result of the establishment of a Great Britain protectorate over the Somali sulanates. Occupied by Italy and included in Italian East Africa}, {Liberated from occupation. Independence proclaimed and incorporated into Somalia). Capital - Hargeisa">
    SOMALILAND (Fr.) (AD 1896-1967) Possession of France (French coast of Somalia), overseas territory. Formed on the territory of modern Djibouti as a result of the transformation of the Obock Territory (Fr.). Renamed to Territory of Afar and Issa (Fr.). Capital - Djibouti">
    SONG (AD 960–1279) State, monarchy (Song Empire). Educated on the territory of modern PRC after the end of the Age of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Conquered by the Mongol Yuan Empire. Capitals — Bianjing, Lin'an">
    SONGHAI (AD 1464-1591) The ancient state of the Songhai people. Formed on the territory. modern Mali as successor to the state of Gao. Destroyed by the Saadite State. Capital - Gao">
    SOOMRA DYNASTY (AD 1026-1351) State, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of Pakistan resulting from the separation of Sindh from the Ghaznavid Empire and the establishment ismaillit Soomra dynasty. Capital - Thatta. Won in the Delhi Sultanate">
    SOPHENA (190–94 BC) State, Armenian slaveholding. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Separated from the Seleucid State. Included in the Greater Armenia. "">
    SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC (TRANSVAAL) (AD 1856-1877}, {1881-1902) State of the Boers. (Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the unification of several small Boer states. Conquered by Great Britain, Transvaal Colony (Brit.) established}, {Recreated. As a result of the victory of Great Britain in the second Boer War, it was conquered and turned into the Transvaal Colony (Brit.)). Capital - Pretoria">
    SOUTH AUSTRALIA (Brit.) (AD 1836-1901) Possession of Great Britain, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of separation from the colony of New South Wales (Brit.). It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Adelaide">
    SOUTH GEORGE AND SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1985–2021) British possession, overseas territory. Formed on the territory of modern South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Brit.) as a result of secession from the Falkland Islands (Brit.). Capital - King Edward Point">
    SOUTH NIGERIA (Brit.) (AD 1900-1914) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Nigeria as a result of the unification of the possessions of Great Britain Protectorate of Niger Coast Protectorate (Brit.) and the Colony of Lagos (Brit.). Merged with Northern Nigeria (Brit.) to Nigeria (Brit.). Capital - Lagos (from 1906)">
    SOUTH OSSETIA (AD 1992–) Self-proclaimed, partially recognized state, republic (Republic of South Ossetia). Formed on parts of the territory. modern Georgia as a result of secession from Georgia. After the Russian-Georgian war in 2008, Russia recognized the independence of South Ossetia. Capital - Tskhinvali "">
    SOUTH SEAS MANDATE (Jap.) (AD 1919-1947) Mandatory territory under Japanese rule. Formed on the territory of modern Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands (USA) and Palau as a result of the secession from German New Guinea and the transfer of the islands to Japanese control (formally in 1919). Capital - Koror"">
    SOUTH SUDAN (AD 2011–) Capitalist state (Republic of South Sudan). Formed on the territory of modern Sudan as a result of separation from Sudan. Capital - Juba">
    SOUTH VIETNAM (REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM) (AD 1955-1976) State, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of the partition of the State of Vietnam. It merged with the DRV, as a result, the SRV (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) was proclaimed, the capital - Saigon">
    SOUTHERN QI (AD 479-502) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC after the change of dynasty in the state of Liu Song. After the change of the dynasty, the state of Liang was formed. Capital - Jiankang">
    Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    SOUTHERN RHODESIA (Brit.) (AD 1923-1953)}, {1979-1980) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. (Formed on the territory of modern Zimbabwe as a result of the division of Rhodesia (Brit.) into Northern Rhodesia (Brit.) and Southern Rhodesia (Brit.). It became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (British)}, {Reconstructed the possession of Great Britain in Southern Rhodesia (Brit.) The independence of Zimbabwe is proclaimed). Capital - Salisbury">
    SOUTHERN TERRITORIES (fr.) (AD 1902–1957) Territory administered by France. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of the separation of the Saharan oases from the French departments in Algiers (fr.). Became part of Algeria (fr.) "">
    SOUTH-WEST AFRICA (Germ.) (AD 1884-1915) Possession of Germany, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern Namibia as a result of the conquest of lands in South West Africa by Germany. Occupied by the Union of South Africa and placed under imperative control. Capital - Windhoek">
    SOUTH-WEST AFRICA (RSA) (AD 1915-1990) Possession of the Republic of South Africa. Formed on the territory of modern Namibia as a result of the occupation of South-West Africa (Germ.) by the Union of South Africa and the transfer of the colony under mandate management. The independent republic of Namibia is proclaimed. Capital - Windhoek">
    SOVIET RUSSIA (RSFSR) (AD 1917, October–1922) State, socialist. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of a coup d'état (October Revolution) in the Russian Republic. Moscow the capital. On December 30, 1922, it was transformed into the USSR by combining the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR (Ukraine), the BSSR (Belarus) and the ZSFSR (the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Capitals - Petrograd (until 1918), Moscow "">
    SOVIET SECTOR OF THE OCCUPATION OF BERLIN (AD 1945-1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of the territory of Berlin, occupied by the USSR as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. Became part of the German Democratic Republic. "">
    SOVIET ZONE OF OCCUPATION OF GERMANY (AD 1945–1949) Formed on the territory. modern Germany. Part of the territory of Germany, occupied by the USSR as a result of the defeat of Germany in the 2nd World War. The German Democratic Republic was proclaimed on the territory of the zone. The headquarters of the occupation troops - Berlin. "">
    SOVIET ZONE OF THE OCCUPATION OF KOREA (AD 1945-1948) Formed on the territory of modern DPRK. Part of Korean territory occupied by the USSR as a result of Japan's defeat in World War II. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was proclaimed on the territory of the zone. The headquarters of the occupation forces is Pyongyang.">
    SPAIN (AD 1516–) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory modern Spain as a result of the unification of the Kingdom of Castile and León and the Kingdom of Aragon. Capital - Madrid "">
    SPANISH FLORIDA (AD 1513-1763}, {1783-1821) A colony of Spain (from 1535 was part of New Spain). (Formed on the territory of USA as a result of the discovery of Florida H. Ponce de Leon and the announcement of its possession of Crown of Castile. Sold the UK and became part of British America}, {Returned Spain. Given to the USA). Capital - San Agustin">
    SPANISH MOROCCO (AD 1912–1956) Spanish possession. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the division of the territory of the Sultanate of Morocco between France and Spain. The capital is Tetuan. Incorporated into independent Morocco "">
    SPANISH NETHERLANDS (AD 1581–1713) State, monarchical. possession of Spain. Originated on the territory modern Belgium as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Brussels. Converted to Austrian Netherlands "">
    SPARTA (1050-331 BC}, {280-195 BC}, {147-146 BC) City-state, slave-owning aristocratic republic (from 884 BC it actually turned into a state). (It originated on the territory of modern Greece after the capture of the Peloponnese peninsula by the Dorians. Conquered by Macedonia (Ancient)}, {Withdrawn from Macedonia (Ancient). Republic) "">
    SRI LANKA (AD 1972–) State, republic (Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka). Formed on the territory of modern Sri Lanka as a result of the renaming of Ceylon. Capitals - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (from 1982; to 1982 - Colombo)">
    SRIVIJAYA (AD 650–1275) State, feudal, Malay, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Indonesia on the island of Sumatra. Conquered by the state of Singasari. Capital is Palembang">
    Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Таиланд" "
    SSR ARMENIA (AD 1920–1922, March) State, socialist (Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia). Educated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in the Republic of Armenia. The capital is Yerevan. Became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR "">
    SSR BELARUS (AD 1919, January -1919, February}, {1919, August - 1922) State, socialist. (Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus). (It was formed on the territory of modern Belarus as a result of liberation from German occupation and recognition of independence by Soviet Russia. United with the SSR of Belarus into the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR}. {Recreated. Became part of the USSR). The capital is Minsk. "">
    ST. CHRISTOPHER, NEVIS, ANGUILLA AND VIRGIN ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1816-1833) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Saint Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla (Brit.), Montserrat (Brit.) as a result of the partition of the British Leeward Islands colony. Entered into the restored British Leeward Isles. Capital - Basseterre">
    STATE OF ABDALWALIDS (AD 1235-1556) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of secession from the Almohad State. The capital is Tlemcen. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. "">
    STATE OF AGHLABIDS (AD 800-909) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Tunisia as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Kairouan. As a result of a coup d'etat, it was transformed into the Fatimid Caliphate. "">
    STATE OF AK-KOYUNLU (AD 1468-1508) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the victory of nomadic Turkmen tribes over the State of Kara-Koyunlu. The capital is Tabriz. Defeated by the Persian Safavid state "">
    STATE OF ALAUITS (AD 1659-1666) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the collapse of the Saadian State. The capital is Marrakesh. Transformed into Sultanate of Morocco "">
    STATE OF ALAWITS (fr.) (AD 1920–1930) Mandate territory of the League of Nations under the control of France (AD 1920–1925 - Territory of Alawites, AD 1925–1930 - State of Alawites). Formed on the territory of Syria (zone of British-French occupation). The capital is Latakia. Renamed Latakia (fr.) "">
    STATE OF ALIDS (AD 864–900}, {914–928) State, feudal Muslim. (Formed on the territory of modern Iran as a result of separation from the State of the Tahirids. Conquered by the State of the Samanids}, {Separated from the State of the Samanids. Conquered by the State of the Ziyarids). The capital is Amul. "">
    STATE OF ALMOHADS (AD 1121-1269) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco on part of the territory of the State of the Almoravids. The capitals are Marrakech, Seville. As a result of the collapse, the Marinid State was formed. "">
    STATE OF ALMORAVIDES (AD 1040–1147) State, the feudal theocratic Arab-muslim. Formed in the territory of modern Mauritania as a result of the unification of the Berber tribes. The capitals were Aghmat (1040-1062), Marrakesh (1062-1147). Conquered by Almohad Caliphate.">
    STATE OF CHOBANIDS (AD 1335–1357) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Conquered by the Jalairid State. Capital - Tabriz "">
    STATE OF DANUNITES (1000–700 BC) State, slaveholding. Formed by Danunites on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by Assyria. "">
    STATE OF HAMMADIDS (AD 1044-1152) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Algeria as a result of secession from the Fatimid Caliphate. The capitals are Cala Beni Hammad, Bejaia. Conquered by the Almohad State. "">
    STATE OF KARA-KOYUNLU (AD 1375–1468) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the unification of nomadic Turkmen tribes in the territory of modern. Iran. The capital is Tabriz. Conquered by the Aq Qoyunlu State "">
    STATE OF KHOREZMSHAKH (AD 1097–1231) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of separation from the Seljuk state. Conquered by the Mongol Empire. Capitals - Gurganj (1097-1220), Samarkand (1212-1220), Ghazni (1220-1221), Delhi (1221-1225), Tabriz (1225-1231) "">
    STATE OF LYSIMACH (301–281 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. Formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great. The capital is Lysimachia. Incorporated into the Roman Republic. Most prominent rulers: Lysimachus [361–281 BC], former bodyguard of Alexander the Great. "">
    STATE OF MUSAFFARIDS (AD 1335–1393) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Conquered by the Timurid Empire "">
    STATE OF ODOACRA (AD 476-493) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Italy as a result of the seizure of power in the Western Roman Empire by the leader of the Germans Odoacer and his proclamation as king of Italy (formally became part of the Byzantine Empire). The capital is Rome. Conquered by the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths. "">
    STATE OF ORTUKID (AD 1098–1232) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Seljuk State. The capital is Diyarbakir. Conquered by the Ayyubid State "">
    STATE OF RAVVADIDS (AD 955–1071) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Tabriz. Conquered by the Seljuk State. "">
    STATE OF SAFFARIDS (AD 873-900) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Afghanistan as a result of the seizure of power by the Saffarid dynasty in the State of Tahirids (formally, an emirate within the Abbasid Caliphate). The capitals are Zaranj, Nishapur. Conquered by the Samanid State. "">
    STATE OF SERBEDARS (AD 1337–1381) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of secession from the Hulaguid State. The capital is Sebzevar. Conquered by the Timurid Empire">
    STATE OF SHAKHARMEN (AD 1100–1207) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of separation from the Seljuk State. The capital is Ahlat. Conquered by the Ayyubid State "">
    STATE OF THE SALARID (AD 941-982) State, feudal. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of the conquest of power by the Salarid dynasty in the Sajid State. The capital is Ardabil. Conquered by the Ravvadid State. "">
    STATE OF THE SAMANIDS (AD 819–999) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of separation from the Abbasid Caliphate (formally, until 875 - an emirate as part of the Abbasid Caliphate. Capitals - Samarkand, Bukhara. Conquered by the Karakhanid state. "">
    STATE OF THE SELEUCIDS (312–83 BC}, {69–64 BC) Hellenistic slave-owning, monarchical state. (It originated on the territory of modern Iraq. It was formed as a result of the collapse of the Empire of Alexander the Great. The capitals are Seleucia, Antioch. Conquered by Great Armenia}, {Withdrawn from Great Armenia. Included in the Roman Republic). Most notable rulers: Seleucus I Nicator [356–280 BC], former general of Alexander the Great. "">
    STATE OF VIETNAM (AD 1954-1955) State. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of the declaration of independence from France in French Indochina. Divided into DRV and South Vietnam. Capital - Saigon">
    STATE OF WATTASIDS (AD 1420-1549) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of a coup d'état in the Marinid State. The capital is Fes. Conquered by the Saadian State "">
    STATE OF ZIYARIDS (AD 928–1043) State, feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Iran as a result of secession from the Samanid State. The capital is Gorgan. Conquered by the Seljuk state "">
    STELLALAND (AD 1882-1885) State of the Boers. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the conquest of the Grikwa and Tswanwa lands. It became part of the colony of Bechuanaland (Brit.). Capital - Freiburg">
    STRATES SETLEMENTS (Brit.) (AD 1826-1941) Possession of Great Britain, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia and Singapore as a result of the unification of British possessions in Malaya. Occupied by Japan, after liberation passed under the control of the British Military Administration (Malaya), then became part of the Malay Union. Capital - Singapore">
    Malaysia Singapore
    Strathclyde (AD 410-889) State, feudal, monarchical. Based on the territory modern Great Britain (in the south of Scotland) by the leader of the British tribe Keretik. The capital is Dun Britann. Became part of Scotland.">
    SUDAN (AD 1956–) Capitalist state (Republic of Sudan). Formed on the territory of modern Sudan as a result of the declaration of independence of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Capital - Khartoum">
    SUDANESE REPUBLIC (Fr.) (AD 1958-1959) Possession of France, autonomous republic. Formed on the territory of modern Mali as a result of the secession from French West Africa by the French Sudan under the name of the Sudanese Republic (Fr.). Merged with Senegal (Fr.) into the Federation of Mali (Fr.) Capital - Bamako">
    SUEVAN KINGDOM (AD 409–585) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Portugal during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The capitals are Braga, Porto, Merida. Conquered by the Kingdom of Toledo. "">
    SUI (AD 581–618) State, monarchy (Sui Empire). Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the unification of the country after a long period of unrest. As a result of the coup, the Tang Empire was founded. Capital is Chang'an">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам" "
    SUKHOTHAI (AD 1238–1438) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Sukhothai). Formed on the territory modern Thailand as a result of secession from Cambujadesh. Conquered by the kings of Ayutthaya. Capital - Sukhothai (1238-1347), Song Khwa (1347-1438)">
    SULTANATE OF MOROCCO (AD 1666-1912) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the transformation of the Alaouite State. The capitals are Fes, Rabat. As a result of wars with France and Spain, it is divided into Morocco (French), Spanish Morocco and Tangier (international zone) "">
    SULTANATE OF NEDJD (AD 1921–1926) State, theocratic, Muslim. Formed on the territory modern Saudi Arabia as a result of the unification of the Emirate of Najd and Khas and Jebel Shammar. The capital is Riyadh. Became part of the Kingdom of Nejd and Hijaz "">
    SULU (AD 1405–1915) State, feudal, monarchical (sultaenate). Formed on the territory modern Philippines as a result of secession from the Brunei Empire. It became part of the Philippines (USA). Capital - Jolo">
    Malaysia Indonesia Philippines
    SUMER AND AKKAD (2315–2150 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. It originated in the territory of modern Iraq. Formed as a result of the unification of city-states: Mari, Eshnunna, Umma, Lagash, Uruk, Ur. The capital is Akkad. Destroyed by the Guteis, split into separate city-states The most prominent ruler: Sargon (2316-2261 BC) - the founder of the state. "">
    SUNGA (185-75 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the seizure of power in the Mauryan dynasty Sunga. Capitals - Paliputra, Vidisha. Destroyed as a result of the seizure of power and the formation of a dynasty Kanva Kanva States">
    Индия Nepal Бангладеш Мьянма
    SURINAM (AD 1975–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Suriname). Formed on the territory of modern Suriname as a result of the declaration of independence from the Netherlands in Suriname (Dutch). Capital - Paramaribo">
    SURINAM (Dutch) (AD 1667–1799}, {1802–1804}, {1816–1828}, {1845–1975) Possession of the Netherlands (since 1954 - part of the Netherlands; another name Guiana (Dutch)). (Formed on the territory of modern Suriname as a result of the capture of the Dutch colony by the Dutch. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Liberated from occupation. Occupied by Great Britain}, {Liberated from occupation. Joined Curacao and dependent territories (Dutch)}, {Withdrew from Curacao and Dependent Territories (Dutch). The independence of Suriname is proclaimed). Capital - Paramaribo">
    SURINAME (Brit.) (AD 1652-1668) a British colony. Founded on the territory of Suriname, as a result of British colonization. Transmitted by the Netherlands in exchange for New Amsterdam (now New York) ">
    SUSSEX (AD 477–825) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Sussex). Founded by the Saxons on the territory. modern Great Britain (in southeast England). The capital is Selsey. Attached to Wessex. "">
    SUWEIDA (fr.) (AD 1922–1927) French-administered League of Nations mandate (State of Suwayda). Educated on the territory modern Syria as a result of the renaming of Jebel Druz (fr.). The capital is Es-Suwayda. Renamed Jebel Druz "">
    SVANETIA (AD 1491–1858) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Svaneti). It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of separation from the Imereti kingdom. Became part of the Russian Empire "">
    SWAN RIVER (Brit.) (AD 1829-1833) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of the founding of a settlement at the mouth of the Swan River. Renamed Western Australia (Brit.). Capital - Fremantle">
    SWAZILAND (AD 1968–2018) State, capitalist, monarchy (Kingdom of Swaziland). Formed on the territory of modern Eswatini as a result of the declaration of independence of Swaziland (Brit.). Changed to Eswatini. Capital - Mbabane (official), Lobamba (royal and parliamentary)">
    SWAZILAND (Brit.) (AD 1902-1968) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory. modern Eswatini as a result of the transfer of a protectorate over Swaziland from South African Republic (Transvaal) of Great Britain. Swaziland proclaimed its independence. Capital - Mbabane">
    SWAZILAND (SAR) (AD 1894-1902) Possession of the South African Republic (Transvaal), protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Eswatini as a result of the establishment of a protectorate by Swaziland. Transfer of the protectorate to Great Britain. Capital - Mbabane">
    SWEDEN {AD 970–1397},{1523–) Monarchic state (Kingdom of Sweden). (It originated on the territory of modern Sweden as a result of the unification of the tribes of the Svei and Getae by the Ynglings. United with Denmark.}, {Withdrawn from Denmark). Capital - Uppsala (until 1634), Stockholm (since 1634) "">
    SWEDEN ESTLAND (AD 1561–1721) State, monarchical (Duchy of Estonia). possession of Sweden. Originated on the territory modern Estonia as a result of the conquest by the Swedes of part of the lands of the Livonian Order. Conquered by the Russian Empire. The capital is Revel. "">
    SWEDEN POMERANIA (AD 1630–1815) State, monarchical. possession of Sweden. Originated on the territory modern Germany as a result of the Swedish-Polish wars and separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). The capital is Stettin (until 1720), Greifswald (since 1720). Became part of Prussia "">
    SWEDISH LIVONIA (AD 1629–1721) State, monarchical. possession of Sweden. Originated on the territory modern Latvia as a result of the conquest by the Swedes of part of the territory of the Commonwealth. Conquered by the Russian Empire. The capital is Riga. "">
    SWITZERLAND (AD 1291–1798}, {1803–) State, capitalist (Swiss Confederation, until 1848 - Swiss Union). (It originated on the territory of modern Switzerland as a result of the unification of three cantons: Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden as part of the Holy Roman Empire (independence was proclaimed in 1648). Transformed into the Helvetic Republic as a result of the Napoleonic Wars}, {Recreated). Capital "">
    SYBARIS (720–510 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Destroyed by Croton. The nominal meaning of the word "sybarite" arose from the legend about the love of the inhabitants of the colony for luxury. "">
    SYRACUSE (733–241 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Conquered by the Roman Republic. Home of Archimedes {287–212 BC} "">
    SYRIA (AD 1946–1958},{1961–) State, capitalist (AD 1946–1958 — the Syrian Republic, from AD 1961 — the Syrian Arab Republic). (Formed on the territory of modern Syria in the mandated territory of the League of Nations under the control of France Syria (fr.) April 17, 1946 United with Egypt, forming the state of the United Arab Republic (UAR)}. {withdrew from the UAR). The capital is Damascus. "">
    SYRIA (fr.) (AD 1925–1946) Mandate of the League of Nations under French administration (AD 1925–1932, 1939–1941 - State of Syria; AD 1932–1939, 1941–1946 - Syrian Republic). Educated on the territory modern Syria as a result of the unification of the states of Aleppo (fr.), Damascus (fr.). The capital is Damascus. April 17, 1946 independent Syrian Republic proclaimed "">
    SYRIA (zone of British-French occupation) (AD 1918–1920) The territory occupied by the victorious states in the 1st World War (Great Britain and France). Formed as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Damascus. Divided into the states of Aleppo (fr.), Damascus (fr.) and the State of Alawites (fr.) "">
    SYUNIK KINGDOM (AD 987–1170) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Armenia as a result of secession from the kingdom of Ani. Conquered by Atabekstvo Azerbaijan. Capital - Kapan "">

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    TABAL (1180–800 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Formed by the Hittites on the territory. modern Turkey. It became part of Assyria. "">
    TAGANIT (AD 1580-1903) State, emirate. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a traditional confederation of semi-nomadic peoples. Entered into Mauritania (Fr.)">
    Tahirid Emirate">
    TAIWAN (AD 1949–) Partially recognized state (Republic of China). Educated on the territory of modern Taiwan as a result of relocation to the island of Taiwan of the Republic of China after the proclamation of the People's Republic of China in mainland China. Capital - Taipei">
    TAIWAN (Jap.) (AD 1895-1945) Possession of Japan (General Government). Formed on the territory of modern Republic of China as a result of the transfer of the island of Taiwan by the Qing Empire to Japan after the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War. Transferred to Republic of China after Japan's defeat in World War II. Capital - Taipei.">
    TAJIKISTAN (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Tajikistan). Originated on the territory modern Tajikistan as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Dushanbe "">
    TALISH KHANATE (AD 1747–1813) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Azerbaijan as a result of secession from the Persian state of Nadir Shah. Became part of the Russian Empire. The capital is Lankaran. "">
    TAMASSOS (669–570 BC) City-state, Greek. Formed on the territory. modern Cyprus as a result of declaring independence from Assyria. Conquered by Egypt (Ancient) "">
    TANG EMPIRE (AD 618–907) State, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern China as a result of the change of dynasty in the Sui Empire. It fell apart into ten kingdoms. The capitals were Chang'an (618–904), Luoyang (904–907)>
    Вьетнам PRC (People's Republic Of China) Россия (СибФО)
    TANGANYIKA (AD 1961-1964) Capitalist state, republic (Republic of Tanganyika). Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the declaration of independence of Tanganyika (Brit.). Capital - Dar es Salaam">
    TANGANYIKA (Brit.) (AD 1916-1961) Possession of Great Britain, mandate (trust) territory. Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the occupation of German East Africa by Great Britain and later (since 1919) transferring it under the mandate control of Great Britain. The independence of Tanganyika is proclaimed. Capital - Dar es Salaam">
    TANGIER (English) (AD 1662–1684) Possession of England. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the transfer of Tangier (port.) England by Portugal. Transferred to the Sultanate of Morocco "">
    TANGIER (international zone) (AD 1912–1940},{1945–1956) Zone under international administration. (Formed on the territory of modern Morocco as a result of the division of the Sultanate of Morocco. Included in Spanish Morocco}, {Separated from Spanish Morocco. Included in independent Morocco) "">
    TANGIER (port.) (AD 1471–1662) Possession of Portugal. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of the conquest by Portugal of part of the territory of the Wattasid State. Transferred to England (see Tangier (English) "">
    TANZANIA (AD 1964–) Capitalist state (United Republic of Tanzania). Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of unification with Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Capital - Dar es Salaam (until 1996), Dodoma (from 1996)">
    TAO-KLARJET PRINCIPALITY (AD 813-1008) State, Georgian feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Turkey as a result of the overthrow of the Abbasid Caliphate by Ashot I Bagrtioni in most of the Georgian lands. The capital is Artanuji. Transformed into the Georgian kingdom. "">
    TARCQUINIUS (1000–280 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. He was a member of the Union of 12 city-states of Etruria. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">
    TARENT (706–264 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy. Conquered by the Roman Republic. Currently - the city of Taranta "">
    TARON (AD 830–968) State (principality), Armenian feudal, monarchical. Educated on the territory modern Turkey. Separated from the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Mush. It became part of the Vaspurakan Kingdom. "">
    TARTESS (1100-600 BC) State, slaveholding. Originated on the territory modern Spain. Conquered by Carthage. "">
    TASMANIA (Brit.) (AD 1856-1901) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of the renaming of the colony Van Diemen's Land (Brit.). It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Hobart">
    TAUNGOO (AD 1510–1752) State, monarchical (Toungoo Kingdoms). Formed on the territory modern Myanmar as a result of the unification of the Burmese states by the Taungoo dynasty. With the advent of the Konbaung dynasty, it was transformed into the Kingdom of Burma. Capital - Taungoo (1486-1539), Pegu (1539-1599), Ava (1599-1752)">
    Мьянма Таиланд
    TBILISI EMIRATE (736–1122 AD) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Georgia as a result of separation from the Arab Caliphate. Became part of the Georgian kingdom. Capital - Tbilisi "">
    TEKKE (AD 1321–1390}, {1402–1427) State, feudal. (Formed as a result of separation from Hamid. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate},{Restored by the State of Tamerlane. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate). Capital - Antalya "">
    TERENGGANU (AD 1725–1781) State, feudal. Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of secession from Johor. conquered by Siam. The capital is Kuala Terengganu">
    Malaysia
    TERRITORY OF AFAR AND ISSA (Fr.) (AD 1967-1977) Possession of France, overseas territory. Formed on the territory of modern Djibouti as a result of the renaming of Somalia (Fr.). Djibouti proclaimed its independence. Capital - Djibouti">
    TERRITORY OF OBOCK (Fr.) (AD 1862-1896) Possession of France. Formed on the territory of modern Djibouti as a result of the establishment of a protectorate over the Obock territory. Converted to Somalia (Fr.). Capital - Obock">
    TEUTON ORDER (AD 1224–1525) State, feudal, theocratic. How the state was born on the territory. modern Poland as a result of the conquest of part of the Polish lands by the knights of the Teutonic Order (founded in 1190). Transformed into the Duchy of Prussia within the Holy Roman Empire. Capitals - Marienburg, from 1466 - Königsberg "">
    TEXAS (AD 1836-1845) State (Republic of Texas). It was born on the territory USA as a result of separation from Mexico. It became part of the United States. Capital - Washington-on-Brazos">
    THAILAND (AD 1939–) State, monarchy (Thailand). Formed on the territory of modern Thailand as a result of the renaming of the Kingdom of Siam to the Kingdom of Thailand. Capital - Bangkok">
    THE BAHAMAS (AD 1973–) State capitalistic (Commonwealth of the Bahamas). Formed on the territory of modern Bahamas as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in the possession of the Bahamas (Brit.). Capital - Nassau">
    THE BAHAMAS (Brit.) (AD 1718-1973) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory. modern The Bahamas as a result of the British conquest of the islands. The Bahamas was proclaimed an independent state. Capital - Nassau">
    THE CARMATIAN STATE (AD 899–1076) A theocratic Muslim state. Formed by the religious sect of the Karmatians on the territory. modern Bahrain as a result of secession from the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by the Uyunid Emirate. "">
    THE FATIMID CALIPHATE (AD 909–1171) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Tunisia as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. The capitals are Kairouan (until 921), Mahdia (921–973), Cairo (since 973). As a result of the coup d'état, it was transformed into the Ayyubid State. "">
    THE GAMBIA (AD 1965–) Capitalist state (Republic of the Gambia). Formed on the territory of modern Gambia as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain Gambia (Brit.). Capital - Banjul (until 1973 - Bathurst)">
    THE GAMBIA (Brit.) (AD 1766-1779}, {1809-1965) Possession of Great Britain, colony and protectorate. (Formed on the territory of modern. Gambia as a result of the establishment of British rule. Occupied by France, became part of Senegal (Fr.)}, {Returned to Great Britain, founded a colony and protectorate of Gambia (Brit.) (in 1816)). The independence of the Gambia is proclaimed). Capital - Bathurst">
    THE HITTITE KINGDOM (1790-1200 BC) The state, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. Formed by the Hittites. The capitals are Kussar (1790–1650 BC) and Hattusas (1650–1200 BC). Destroyed by the Sea Peoples. "">
    THE IDRISID STATE (AD 788–916) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of secession from the Abbasid Caliphate. The capital is Fes. Conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate. "">
    THE ITURAN KINGDOM (100–64 BC) Slaveholding, Arab-Aramaic Hellenized state. Originated on the territory modern Lebanon. Created by the Arab tribe of Itureans. Conquered by the Roman Republic "">
    THE KINGDOM OF KARTLI-KAKHETI (Persian) (AD 1762–1783) State, feudal, monarchical. Vassal of Persia. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the unification of the Kingdom of Kartli (Persian) and the Kingdom of Kakheti (Persian). The capitals are Telavi, Tbilisi. Passed under the protectorate of the Russian Empire "">
    THE KINGDOM OF KARTLI-KAKHETI (Russian) (AD 1783–1801) State, feudal, monarchical. Protectorate of the Russian Empire. It arose on the territory. modern Georgia as a result of the transition of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Persian) under the protectorate of the Russian Empire after the conclusion of the Treaty of St. George. The capitals are Telavi, Tbilisi. Annexed to the Russian Empire "">
    THE MAGRAVID STATE (AD 976–1070) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Morocco as a result of secession from the Fatimid State. The capital is Fes. Conquered by the Almoravid State. "">
    THE PRINCIPALITY OF BLATHEN (AD 839–876) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Hungary as a result of separation from the Frankish state. It became part of Great Moravia. Capital - Blatnograd "">
    THE SECOND BULGARIAN KINGDOM (AD 1185–1371) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. The capital is Tarnovo. It broke up into the Vidin, Tarnovo kingdoms and the Dobrudzhan principality "">
    THE STATE OF SHIRVANSHAHS (AD 869–1071},{1157–1231},{1353–1538) State, feudal, monarchical. (It originated on the territory of modern Azerbaijan as a result of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by the Seljuk State},{Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Seljuk State. Conquered by the Mongol Empire},{Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Hulaguid State. Conquered by the Persian Safavid state). The capital is Shemakha. "">
    THE STATE OF THE KURTS (AD 1335–1381) A feudal monarchical state. Educated on the territory modern Afghanistan as a result of secession from the Hulaguid State. The capital is Herat. Conquered by the Timurid Empire "">
    THE STATE OF THE USFURIDS (AD 1253–1320) A Muslim state. Originated on the territory modern Bahrain as a result of the conquest of the Uyunid Emirate. Conquered by the Hulaguid State "">
    THE VISGOTHOTIC KINGDOM (AD 418–580) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern France during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. The capital is Toulouse. Changed to Kingdom of Toledo "">
    THEBES (394–375 BC) City-state. Formed on the territory. modern Greece after the dissolution of the Boeotian Union. Became part of the Boeotian Union "">
    THEBES (4000–3500 BC) City-state (nome), slaveholding, monarchical. Created by the ancient Egyptians on the territory. modern Egypt. Became part of Upper Egypt "">
    THEODORO (AD 1204–1240}, {1441–1475) State, feudal, Christian, monarchical (Principality of Theodoro). (It originated on the territory of modern Ukraine as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. Conquered by the Golden Horde}, {Recreated as a result of the collapse of the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire). The capital is Mangup (Theodoro) "">
    THEODOSIA (550–355 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory. modern Ukraine. Became part of the Bosporan kingdom "">
    THONBURI (AD 1767–1782) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Thonburi). Formed on the territory modern Thailand as a result of the destruction of the kingdom of Ayutthaya. As a result of the coup and the accession of the Chakri dynasty, the kingdom of Siam was founded. The capital is Thonburi">
    Laos Таиланд
    TIBET (AD 1912-1951) State, theocratic, headed by the Dalai Lama. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the collapse of the Chinese Qing Empire. Attached to the PRC. Capital - Lhasa">
    TIMOR (port.) (AD 1702–1942},{1945–1975) Possession of Portugal. (Formed on the territory of modern East Timor as a result of the Portuguese conquest of the eastern part of the island of Timor. Occupied by Japan}, { Released from occupation. Independence from Portugal is proclaimed and the Democratic Republic of East Timor is formed). Capital - Dili">
    Eastern Timor
    TIMURID EMPIRE (AD 1370–1526) State, feudal. Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the seizure of power in the Chagatai Ulus by Timur. Transformed into the Mughal Empire. Capitals - Samarkand, Herat "">
    TIR (1400–564 BC) Phoenician slave city-state. Was on the territory. modern Lebanon. Created by the Phoenicians. conquered by Babylon. Today in its place is the city of Sur (Lebanon) "">
    TIRYNTH (1700–1200 BC) City-state. It originated during the Mycenaean civilization on the territory. modern Greece. Destroyed by nomads called "peoples of the sea" "">
    TIWANAKU (AD 300-1000) State, slave, monarchical. It was born on the territory of Bolivia. Capital - Tiwanaku. Destroyed">
    TOGO (AD 1960–) State, capitalist (Togolese Republic). Formed on the territory of modern Togo as a result of the declaration of independence from France in Togo (Fr.). Capital - Lome">
    TOGO (Brit.) (AD 1916-1956) British possession, Mandatory Territory. Formed on the territory. modern Ghana as a result of the joint British-French occupation (in 1914) of the possession of Togoland (Germ.) and its division into Togo (Brit.) and Togo (Fr.). It became part of the Gold Coast (Brit.). Capital - Ho">
    TOGO (Fr.) (AD 1916-1919}, {1937-1960) Possession of France, mandated territory. (Formed on the territory of modern Togo as a result of the joint British-French occupation (in 1914) of the possession of Togoland (Germ.) and its division into Togo (Brit.) and Togo (Fr.). It became part of French West Africa}, {It seceded from the French West Africa. The independence of Togo was proclaimed). Capital - Lome">
    TOGOLAND (Germ.) (AD 1884-1916) Possession of Germany, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Togo as a result of the conquest of territory by Germany. It was occupied (in 1914) by Great Britain and France, and the mandated territories of Togo (Brit.) and Togo (Fr.) were formed. Capitals - Bagida (1884–87), Zebeab (1887–97), Lome (1897–1916)">
    TOKELAU (New Zeal.) (AD 1976–) New Zealand possession, dependent territory. Formed on the territory of modern Tokelau (New Zeal.) As a result of renaming the Osrovs of Tokelau (New Zeal.)">
    TOKELAU ISLANDS (New Zeal.) (AD 1946-1976) Possession of New Zealand, dependent territory. Formed on the territory of modern Tokelau (New Zeal.) As a result of the renaming of Union islands (New Zeal.). Renamed Tokelau (New Zeal.)">
    TOLTEC STATE (AD 800-1150) State, slave, monarchical. It was born on the territory Mexico invasion from the north of the Toltec tribe. Capitals - Cerro de la Estrella, then Tollan (Tula modern). Destroyed by the invasion of other tribes">
    TONGA (AD 1970–) State, capitalistic, monarchy (Kingdom of Tonga, 1970). Formed on the territory of modern Tonga as a result of the declaration of independence in the possession of Great Britain Tonga (Brit.). Capital - Nuku'alofa">
    TONGA (Brit.) (AD 1900-1970) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Tonga as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the Kingdom of Tonga. Independence from Great Britain is proclaimed. Capital - Nuku'alofa">
    TONKIN (Fr.) (AD 1884-1887) Possession of France, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of France's establishment of a protectorate over the Vietnamese Nguyen dynasty. It became part of French Indochina. Capital - Hanoi">
    TOORO (AD 1830-1896) State, monarchy (Kingdom of Tooro ). Formed on the territory of modern Uganda Bantu peoples. After the establishment of the British protectorate, it became part of Uganda (Britain). Capital - Fort Portal">
    TRANSCAUCASIAN SFSR (AD 1922, March–1922, December) State, federal, socialist (Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (ZSFSR)). It was formed as a result of the unification of the Azerbaijan SSR, the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. The capital is Tbilisi. Became part of the USSR "">
    TRANSJORDANIA (brit.) (AD 1921–1923) Autonomous region (Emirate of Transjordan). Formed on the territory of Palestine (zone of British occupation) on the territory. modern Jordan. The capital is Amman. Became part of the Mandatory Territory of Palestine">
    TRANSNISTRIA (AD 1991–) Self-proclaimed unrecognized state, republic (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic). Formed on parts of the territory. modern Moldova. Capital - Tiraspol "">
    TRANSPADAN REPUBLIC (AD 1796–1797) State, vassal republic of France. Educated on the territory modern Italy as a result of Napoleon's victory. The capital is Milan. United with the Cispadan Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic">
    TRANSVAAL COLONY (Brit.) (AD 1877-1881}, {1902-1910) Possession of Great Britain, colony. (Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the British conquest of the South African Republic (Transvaal). As a result of the victory in the first Boer War, an independent South African Republic (Transvaal) was recreated}, {As a result of the British victory in the second Boer War reconstituted. Became a part of the Union of South Africa). Capital - Pretoria">
    TRANSYLVANIA (AD 1571–1699) State, feudal, vassal of the Ottoman Empire (Principality of Transylvania). Originated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the transformation of the East Hungarian kingdom. Attached to the Habsburg Empire. Capitals - Alba Iulia (1571-1692), Sibiu (1692-1711) "">
    TRAPEZUNT (600–183 BC) City-state, colony, slaveholding, monarchy. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Turkey. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus. "">
    TRARZA (AD 1740-1903) State, emirate. Formed on the territory of modern Mauritania as a traditional confederation of semi-nomadic peoples. Entered into Mauritania (Fr.)">
    TRAVUNIA (AD 850–917) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Montenegro as a result of secession from the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Capital - Trebinje "">
    TRENTO (AD 1027–1803) State, feudal, theocratic (Bishopric of Trento). Originated on the territory modern Italy as a result of separation from the Holy Roman Empire (formally remained part of the Holy Roman Empire). Annexed to the Austrian Empire. Capital - Trento">
    TRINIDAD (Brit.) (AD 1802–1889) British possession, colony. Formed on the territory modern Trinidad and Tobago as a result of Spain transferring the island of Trinidad to Great Britain. United with the island of Tobago, forming the colony of Trinidad and Tobago (Brit.). Capital - Port of Spain "">
    TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (AD 1962–) State, capitalistic, republic (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago). Formed on the territory of modern Trinidad and Tobago as a result of the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.) and the proclamation of the independent state of Trinidad and Tobago. Capital - Port of Spain">
    TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (Brit.) (AD 1889-1958) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory. modern Trinidad and Tobago as a result of the annexation of the island of Tobago to the colony of Trinidad (Brit.). Joined the West Indies Federation (Brit.). Capital - Port of Spain">
    TRIPOL (AD 1109–1291) State (county), feudal, monarchical. It was formed by the crusaders on the territory of the Seljuk state (the territory of modern Lebanon). The capital is Tripoli. Conquered by the Mamluk State. "">
    TRIPOLITANIA (Brit.) (AD 1943–1951) Territory under British administration. Educated on the territory modern Libya as a result of the British occupation of part of the territory of Libya (it.). The capital is Tripoli. It became part of the independent state of Libya proclaimed on December 24, 1951 "">
    TRIPOLITANIA (It.) (AD 1911–1934) Colony of Italy. It was formed as a result of the occupation by Italy of part of the Ottoman Empire on the territory. modern Libya. The capital is Tripoli. Became part of the colony of Libya (it.) "">
    TROY (3000–1260 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Formed by the Trojans on the territory. modern Turkey. The capital is Troy. Destroyed by the ancient Greeks. "">
    TRUCIAL STATES (UK) (AD 1820–1971) State, monarchical under British protectorate. Arose in the territory of United Arab Emirates as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over 6 Sheikhdoms. December 2, 1971 proclaimed the independent United Arab Emirates">
    TUNISIA (AD 1956–) State, capitalist (AD 1956–1957 — Kingdom of Tunisia, since 1957 — Republic of Tunisia). Educated on the territory modern Tunisia as a result of the declaration of independence from France by Tunisia (fr.) March 20, 1956 Capital - Tunisia. "">
    TUNISIA (fr.) (AD 1705–1956) State under the protectorate of France. Educated on the territory modern Tunisia as a result of the establishment by France of a protectorate over Tunisia (osm.). The capital is Tunis. 20 March 1956 independent Kingdom of Tunisia proclaimed "">
    TUNISIA (Osm.) (AD 1705–1881) State, vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Educated on the territory modern Tunisia as a result of secession from the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Tunis. Passed under the protectorate of France - Tunisia (fr.) "">
    TURGESH KHAGANATE (AD 704–756) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the seizure of power by the tribes of the Turgesh in the Western Turkic Khaganate. The capital was Suyab. After the seizure of power by the tribes of Karluks ceased to exist and transformed into the Karluk yabghu">
    TURKEY (zone of British-French occupation) (AD 1918–1923) The territory occupied by the victorious states in the 1st World War (Great Britain and France). Educated on the territory modern Turkey as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The capital is Istanbul. On October 23, 1923, an independent Republic of Turkey was proclaimed "">
    TURKIC KHAGANATE (AD 552–603) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan Tribes of the Turks as a result of the conquest of power in the Rouran Khaganate. Broke up into Western Turkic Khaganate and Eastern Turkic Khaganate. The capital was Suyab">
    Mongolia Россия (ПФО) Россия (ЮФО) Россия (СибФО) Туркмения Узбекистан" "
    TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS (AD 1974–) Self-proclaimed state (recognized only by Turkey), capitalist (until 1983 - the Turkish Federative State of Cyprus). Formed on parts of the territory. modern Cyprus, occupied by Turkey. The capital is Lefkosia (Turkish sector of Nicosia). "">
    Türkiye (AD 1923–) State, capitalist (Republic of Turkey). Educated on the territory modern Turkey (zone of British-French occupation) October 23, 1923 Capital - Ankara. "">
    TURKMENIA (AD 1991–) State, republic (Turkmenistan). Originated on the territory modern Turkmenistan as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Ashgabat "">
    TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1848-1874}, {1962-) British possession, overseas territory. (Formed on the territory of modern Turks and Caicos Islands (Brit.) as a result of separation from the colony of the Bahamas (Brit.). It entered the colony of Jamaica (Brit.)}, {Recreated after the dissolution of the West Indies Federation (Brit.)) . Capital - Cockburn Town">
    TURNOVO KINGDOM (AD 1371–1393) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of the collapse of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. The capital is Tarnovo. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate "">
    TUROV-PINSKY PRINCIPALITY (AD 1162–1240) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (as part of Kievan Rus existed since 980). It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Turov "">
    TUROV-PINSKY PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1330) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the Turov-Pinsk principality falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Capital - Turov "">
    TUVA PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (AD 1921–1944) State, republic. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from Soviet Russia (in 1921-1926 it was called Tannu-Tuva). Became part of the USSR. Capital - Kyzyl "">
    TUVALU (AD 1978–) State, capitalistic. Formed on the territory of modern Tuvalu as a result of the declaration of independence in the British colony Tuvalu (British). Capital - Funafuti">
    TUVALU (Brit.) (AD 1976-1978) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory. modern Tuvalu as a result of the division of the colony of Gilbert and Ellis Islands (Brit.) into Gilbert Islands (Brit.) and Tuvalu (Brit.). Independence from Great Britain was proclaimed and the state of Tuvalu was created. Capital - Funafuti">
    TVER PRINCIPALITY (AD 1480–1485) State, feudal, Slavic (Grand Duchy of Tver). Originated on the territory modern Russia to get rid of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Tver "">
    TVER PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1247–1480) State, feudal, Slavic (Grand Duchy of Tver). Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Got rid of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, becoming an independent principality of Tver. Capital - Tver "">
    TYRA (600-108 BC}, {63 BC - AD 275) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the ancient Greeks, immigrants from Miletus on the territory. modern Ukraine. Conquered by the Kingdom of Pontus} , {Restored independence. Destroyed by the Goths). Was on the territory. modern city ​​of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky "">
    TYUMEN KHANATE (AD 1468–1495) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Russia in the process of disintegration of the Golden Horde into a number of independent states. Transformed into the Siberian Khanate. Capital - Chingi-Tura "">

    U

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    UBANGI-SHARI (Fr.) (AD 1903-1906}, {1958-1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic (since 1958). (Formed on the territory of the modern Central African Republic as a result of secession from Congo (Fr.). It became part of French Equatorial Africa}, {Seceded from French Equatorial Africa. The independence of Central African Republic was proclaimed). Capital - Bangui">
    UBANGI-SHARI-CHAD (Fr.) (AD 1906-1910) Possession of France. Formed on the territory. modern Chad and the Central African Republic as a result of the unification of the Ubangi Shari (Fr.) and Chad (Fr.) colonies. It became part of the French Equatorial Africa. Capital - Bangui">
    UGANDA (AD 1962–) State, republic (Republic of Uganda; until 1963 - dominion). Formed on the territory of modern Uganda as a result of Uganda's independence (Brit.). Capital - Kampala">
    UGANDA (Brit.) (AD 1894-1962) Possession of Great Britain, colony and protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Uganda as a result of the handover of Uganda from the Imperial British East African Company of Great Britain. The independence of Uganda is proclaimed. Capital - Entebbe">
    UKRAINE (AD 1991–) State, republic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Kyiv "">
    UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (AD 1918, January - 1918, March}, {1918, November - 1920) State. (It was formed on the territory of modern Ukrina as a result of separation from Soviet Russia (it was formed as part of the Russian Republic in June 1917). Occupied by Germany}, {Liberated from occupation. Became part of the Ukrainian SSR). The capital is Kyiv. "">
    UKRAINIAN SSR (AD 1919, March - 1922) State, socialist. (Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic). Educated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of secession from Soviet Russia. The capital is Kharkov. Joined the USSR "">
    UMMA (2400–2315 BC},{2150–2000 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (Born in the territory of modern Iraq. Became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {Left out of Sumer and Akkad. Conquered by Larsa) "">
    UNFEDERATED MALAY STATES (Brit.) (AD 1826–1941) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory modern Malaysia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu (Johor was annexed in 1914). Occupied by Japan">
    Malaysia
    UNION ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1899-1916) British possession, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Tokelau (New Zeal.) as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over the islands. We entered the composition. Colonies of Gilbert and Ellis Islands (Brit.)">
    UNION ISLANDS (New Zeal.) (AD 1926-1946) Possession of New Zealand, dependent territory. Formed on the territory of modern Tokelau (New Zeal.) as a result of the separation of the islands from the colony of Gilbert and Ellis Islands (Brit.) from their transfer to New Zealand">
    UNION OF MALAYS (Brit.) (AD 1946-1948) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Malaysia as a result of the unification of the British protectorate the Federated Malay States, the unfederated Malay states (UK) and the Colony of Straits Settlements (Brit.), which were under the control of the British Military Administration (Malaya). Converted to Federation of Malay (Brit.). Capital - Kuala Lumpur">
    Malaysia
    UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA (AD 1910-1961) State, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern Republic of South Africa as a result of the unification of the British colonies Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Orange River Colony, Transvaal Colony, , part of Bechuanaland (Brit.) and the creation of the Union of South Africa dominion independent from Great Britain. Converted to South Africa. Capitals - Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)">
    UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (USSR) (1922–1991) State, socialist. Educated on the territory modern Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan through the unification of the RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR (Ukraine), BSSR (Belarus) and ZSFSR (Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Broke up into 15 independent states. Moscow the capital "">
    UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (AD 1971–) State, monarchical. A federation of 6 emirates. Arose in the territory of United Arab Emirates as a result of the declaration of independence from Great Britain in Trucial States. Capital — Abu Dhabi">
    UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC (UAR) (AD 1958–1971) State, capitalist. Educated on the territory modern Egypt and Syria as a result of the unification of Egypt and Syria. The capital is Cairo. In 1961, Syria withdrew from the (UAR), and in 1971. (UAR) was renamed Egypt "">
    UNITED KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL, BRAZIL AND ALGARVE (AD 1815-1822) State. Formed on the territory of modern Portugal and Brazil as a result of the unification of Portugal, Brazil (Port.) and other Portuguese colonies. Liquidated after the proclamation of Brazilian independence. Capital - Rio de Janeiro">
    UNITED PROVINCES OF CENTRAL ITALY (AD 1859–1860) Public entity administered by the Kingdom of Sardinia. Formed on the territory modern Italy as a result of the unification of the Duchies of Modena, Parma, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and part of the territory of the Papal States. The capital was not. Became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia "">
    UNITED PROVINCES OF RIO DE LA PLATA (AD 1810-1816) State. It was formed on the territory of modern Argentina as a result of the declaration of independence from Spain in the Rio de la Plata (Sp.). Renamed United Provinces of South America. Capital - Buenos Aires">
    UNITED PROVINCES OF SOUTH AMERICA (AD 1816-1831) State. It was formed as a result of the renaming of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata into the United Provinces of South America. Capital - Buenos Aires">
    UNITED STATES (AD 1783-) State capitalist (United States of America). Formed on the territory of United States as a result of the declaration of independence of the thirteen colonies of Great Britain (Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4 1776). Capital - Washington">
    UPPER BURGUNDY (AD 888–933) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Upper Burgundy). Originated on the territory modern Switzerland as a result of secession from the East Frankish Kingdom. The capital is Besançon. United with Lower Burgundy into a single state - the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arelat) "">
    UPPER CANADA (Brit.) (AD 1791-1841) a British colony (as a part of British North America). Founded on the territor of Canada as a result of partition of Quebec (Brit). Incorporated in Canada (Brit.). Capital - Newark (1791-1797), New York (1797-1841) (renamed the Toronto 1834)">
    UPPER EGYPT (3500–3000 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Educated on the territory modern Egypt as a result of the unification of 22 primitive states (nomes). The capital is Hierakonopol. Included in Ancient Egypt. "">
    UPPER SENEGAL (Fr.) (AD 1880-1890) Possession of France, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Mali as a result of the conquests of the states of Vassulu, Tijania, Kenedugu, Mosi. Renamed to French Sudan Capital - Bamako">
    UPPER VOLTA (AD 1960-1984) Capitalist state (Republic of Upper Volta). Formed on the territory of modern Burkina Faso as a result of the declaration of independence from France by Upper Volta (Fr.). Renamed Burkina Faso. Capital - Ouagadougou">
    UPPER VOLTA (Fr.) (AD 1958–1960) Possession of France, autonomous republic. Formed on the territory of modern Burkina Faso as a result of the secession from French West Africa. The independence of Upper Volta is proclaimed. Capital - Ouagadougou">
    UR (2500–2315 BC},{2150–2000 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (It was born on the territory of modern Iraq. It became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {It left Sumer and Akkad. It was conquered by Larsa). Mentioned in the Old Testament as "Ur of the Chaldees", the birthplace of the prophet Abraham "">
    URARTU (860–585 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Turkey. The capital is Tushpa. Conquered by Medes. "">
    URUGUAY (AD 1828–) State, capitalistic, republic (Eastern Republic of Uruguay). Formed on the territory. modern Uruguay as a result of the withdrawal from the United Provinces of South America. Capital - Montevideo">
    URUK (2800–2315 BC},{2150–2110 BC) Sumerian city-state, slaveholding, monarchical. (Born in the territory of modern Iraq. Became part of Sumer and Akkad}, {Left out of Sumer and Akkad. Conquered by Ur) "">
    UTICA (1100–825 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Phoenicians on the territory. modern Tunisia Conquered by Carthage. "">
    Казахстан Киргизия Россия (СибФО) Россия (ДФО) КНР Mongolia
    UZBEK KHANATE (AD 1428–1480) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Kazakhstan as a result of the collapse of the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Kazakh Khanate. Capitals - Chingi-Tura, Orda-Bazaar (1428-1446), Sygnak (1446-1468), Kazhy-Tarkhan (1468-1480) "">
    UZBEKISTAN (AD 1991–) State, republic (Republic of Uzbekistan). Originated on the territory modern Uzbekistan as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Capital - Tashkent "">

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    VAKATAKA EMPIRE (AD 220–500) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the collapse of the Satavahan Empire. Capital - Vatsagulma. Won Vishnukundina Empire">
    VALENCIA EMIRATE (AD 1021-1102) State, feudal theocratic Arab-Muslim. Originated on the territory modern Spain as a result of the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba. The capital is Valencia. Conquered by the Almoravid State "">
    VALONA (AD 1367–1417) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Valona and Kanina). Originated on the territory modern Albania as a result of separation from the Serbian kingdom. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capital - Vlora "">
    VAN DIEMAN'S LAND (Brit.) (AD 1825-1856) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of separation from the colony of New South Wales (Brit.). Renamed Tasmania (Brit.). Capital - Hobart">
    VĂN LANG (2524–258 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Vietnam as the first state of the Viet. Conquered by the state of Aulak. Capital - Phong Châu">
    VANUATU (AD 1980–) State, republic (Republic of Vanuatu). Formed on the territory of modern Vanuatu as a result of the declaration of independence in the condominium of Great Britain and France and the New Hebrides (Fr., Brit.) and the formation of the Republic of Vanuatu. Capital - Port Vila">
    VASPURAKAN KINGDOM (AD 908–1021) State, Armenian feudal, monarchical. It arose on the territory. modern Turkey. Distinguished from the Anian Kingdom. Conquered by the Byzantine Empire. "">
    VATICAN (AD 1929–) Monarchist, theocratic state. Originated on the territory modern Vatican as a result of secession from Italy. Capital - legally absent, in fact the Vatican "">
    VELBYZHDSKOYE PRINCIPALITY (AD 1371–1395) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Macedonia as a result of the collapse of the Serbian kingdom. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate. Capital - Velbyzhd (now - Kyustendil) "">
    VENEZUELA (AD 1830–) State, capitalistic, republic (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela). Formed on the territory. modern Venezuela as a result of declaration of independence in Venezuela (Sp.). Capital - Caracas">
    VENEZUELA (Sp.) (AD 1777-1830) Colony of Spain (captaincy general). Created on the territory of modern Venezuela as a result of separation from New Granada (Sp.). The independence of Venezuela is proclaimed. Capital - Caracas">
    VICTORIA (Brit.) (AD 1851-1901) Possession of Great Britain, colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of separation from the colony of New South Wales (Brit.). It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Melbourne">
    VIDEHA (850–500 BC) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India. Fell into disrepair">
    Индия Nepal
    VIDINA KINGDOM (AD 1371–1396) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Bulgaria as a result of the collapse of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. The capital is Vidin. Conquered by the Ottoman Emirate "">
    VIENTIANE (AD 1707–1828) State, monarchical. Formed on the territory modern Laos as a result of the collapse of Lan Xang. Annexed by Siam. The capital is Vientiane">
    Laos
    VIETNAM (SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM) (AD 1976–) State, republic. Formed on the territory of modern Vietnam as a result of the unification of the DRV and South Vietnam. Capital - Hanoi">
    VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE (AD 1336–1646) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the fight with the Indians of the Delhi Sultanate. Capital - Vijayanagara. Сeased to exist">
    VIRGIN ISLANDS (Brit.) (AD 1960–) British possession, self-governing territory. Formed on the territory of modern Virgin Islands (Brit.) as a result of the dissolution of the British Leeward Islands colony. Capital - Road Town">
    VIRGIN ISLANDS (Dutch) (AD 1960–) Ownership of the Netherlands. Formed on the territory of modern Virgin Islands (Brit.) as a result of the establishment of settlements on the islands of Tortola and Virgin Gorda. Transferred to Great Britain and incorporated into the British Leeward Islands.">
    VIRGIN ISLANDS (USA) (AD 1917–) US possession, unincorporated organized territory. Formed on the territory of modern Virgin Islands (USA) as a result of the transfer of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the US. Capital - Charlotte Amalie">
    VISHNUKUNDINA (AD 420-624) The State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the of India as a result of separation from Vakataka/ Capitals - Eluru, Amaravati. Won the Eastern Chalukya">
    VITEBSK PRINCIPALITY (AD 1101–1320) State, feudal, Slavic, specific principality. Originated on the territory modern Belarus as a result of separation from the Principality of Polotsk. It became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (in which it existed until 1508). Capital - Vitebsk "">
    VLADIMIR PRINCIPALITY (AD 1157–1240) State, feudal, Slavic (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, Grand Duchy of Vladimir). Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from Kievan Rus. It fell under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Capital - Vladimir "">
    VLADIMIR PRINCIPALITY (yoke) (AD 1240–1364) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Educated on the territory modern Russia as a result of the Vladimir principality falling under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Attached to the Moscow principality (yoke). Capital - Vladimir "">
    VOLGA BULGARIA (AD 800–1240) State, feudal, monarchical, Muslim. Educated on the territory modern Russia by the Bulgar tribes who came from Great Bulgaria. Conquered by the Golden Horde. Capital - Great Bulgar "">
    VOLSINIA (1000–280 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. He was a member of the Union of 12 city-states of Etruria. Destroyed by the Roman Republic "">
    VOLYN PRINCIPALITY (AD 1154–1199) State, feudal, Slavic. Originated on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from Kievan Rus (it existed as part of Kievan Rus since 988). Merged with the Principality of Galicia into the Principality of Galicia-Volyn. Capital - Vladimir-Volynsky "">
    VOSPORO (Genoese) (AD 1318–1475) City-state, colony of the Republic of Genoa. Born on the territory modern Ukraine as a result of separation from the Golden Horde. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The modern city of Kerch "">

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    WADAI (AD 1635-1900) State, feudal, sultanate. Born on the territory. modern Chad as a state of the Maba people. It became part of Chad (Fr.). Capital - Abeche">
    WAKE ISLAND (USA) (AD 1899-1941}, {1945-) US possession (unincorporated unorganized territory). (Formed on the territory of modern of Wake Islands (USA) as a result of joining the USA. Occupied by Japan}, {Released from occupation)">
    WALACHIA (Russian) (AD 1829–1856) State, protectorate of the Russian Empire. Educated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the liberation of Wallachia (osm.) from Ottoman dependence and the establishment of a protectorate of the Russian Empire. The capital is Bucharest. Restored as independent Principality of Wallachia "">
    WALDEC (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Principality of Waldeck). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1712). In 1807-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation, in 1867-1871 - a member of the North German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Arolsen "">
    WALES (AD 1216–1542) State, feudal, monarchical (Principalities of Gwynedd). Based on the territory modern Great Britain (in Wales) as a result of the transformation of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. The capitals are Deganui, Aberfrau, Hart-Kälin. Changed to Principality of Wales "">
    WALFISH BAY (RSA) (AD 1910-1994) Possession of the Republic of South Africa. Formed on the territory of modern Namibia as a result of the transfer of British ownership to the South African Union. Transferred to Namibia. Capital - Walvis Bay">
    WALLAHIA (osm.) (AD 1415–1829) State, vassal of the Ottoman Empire (until 1453 - the Ottoman Emirate). Educated on the territory modern Romania as a result of falling of the Principality of Wallachia into vassalage from the Ottoman Emirate. The capitals are Curtea de Arges, Targovishte (1430–1660), Bucharest (since 1660). Transformed into Wallachia (Russian) - protectorate of the Russian Empire "">
    WALLAHIA AND MOLDOVA (AD 1859–1862) State, capitalist, monarchy (United Principality of Wallachia and Moldavia, until 1878 a vassal of the Ottoman Empire). Originated on the territory modern Romania as a result of the unification of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldova. Changed to Principality of Romania. Capital - Iasi "">
    WALLIS AND FUTUNA (Fr.) (AD 1887–) Possession of France (since 1961 - overseas territory, since 2003 - overseas community). Formed on the territory of modern Wallis and Futuna (Fr.) as a result of the establishment of a French protectorate over the islands of Wallis and Futuna. Capital - Mata-Utu">
    WALVIS BAY (British) (AD 1868-1910) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate. Formed on the territory of modern Namibia as a result of the establishment of a British protectorate over Walvis Bay. Capital - Walvis Bay">
    WARI (AD 500-1000) State, slave, monarchical. It was born on the territory of Bolivia. Capital - Wari. Destroyed">
    WEI (AD 220-266) The ancient kingdom of the era of the Three Kingdoms. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the collapse of the Han Empire. It became part of the Jin state. Capital - Luoyang">
    KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China) Вьетнам" "
    WESSEX (AD 519–927) State, feudal, monarchical (Kingdom of Wessex). Founded by the Saxons on the territory. modern Great Britain (in England). The capital is Winchester. After the final unification of the seven kingdoms by King Æthelstan of Wessex: Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia were transformed into England "">
    WEST BERLIN (AD 1949–1990) Special political entity. Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the unification of the British, French and American sectors of the occupation of Berlin. Became part of Germany "">
    WEST FRANKISH KINGDOM (AD 843–987) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern France as a result of the division of the Frankish State. The capital is Paris. Renamed to France "">
    WEST INDIAN FEDERATION ( Brit.) (AD 1958-1962) Possession of Great Britain. Formed on the territory of modern Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Anguilla (Brit.), Montserrat (Brit.), Cayman Islands (Brit.) , Turks and Caicos (Brit.) as a result of the unification of the British possessions Barbados (UK), Trinidad and Tobago (UK), Jamaica (UK), British Leeward Islands and British Windward Islands. Broken up. Capital - Port of Spain">
    WESTERN AUSTRALIA (Brit.) (AD 1833-1901) Possession of Great Britain, a colony. Formed on the territory of modern Australia as a result of the renaming of the Swan River Colony (Brit.). It became part of the dominion of the Commonwealth of Australia. Capital - Perth">
    WESTERN CHALUKYAS (AD 973–1189) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India as a result of separation from Rashtrakuta Empire. Capitals - Manyakheta, Basavakalyan. Сeased to exist">
    WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (AD 395-476) State, slaveholding, monarchist. Formed on the territory modern Italy as a result of the division of the Roman Empire. The capital is Rome. It ceased to exist as a result of the seizure of power by the leader of the Germans Odoacer, who created on the territory. modern Italy State of Odoacer. "">
    WESTERN SAHARA (Sp.) (AD 1845-1975) Colony of Spain (since 1958 - a province of Spain). Formed on the territory of modern Sahara Arab Democratic Republic as a result of the Spanish occupation of the coastal regions of Western Sahara. Divided between Morocco and Mauritania. Capital - Villa Cisneros (until 1958), El Aaiun (from 1958)">
    WESTERN SAMOA (AD 1962-1997) State, capitalistic, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern Samoa as a result of the declaration of independence in the Trust Territory of New Zealand Western Samoa (New Zeal.). Capital - Apia">
    WESTERN SAMOA (New Zeal.) (AD 1920-1962) Possession of New Zealand, Trust Territory. Formed on the territory of modern Samoa as a result of the transfer of Samoa (DE) to New Zealand's mandate. Independence proclaimed, capital - Apia">
    WESTERN SATRAPS (AD 35–405) State, a slave, a monarchist. Arose in the territory of India as a result of the separation of the Indo-Scythian kingdom. Capitals - Ujjain, Bharakuccha. Won Gupta Empire Gupta">
    WESTERN THACE (AD 1947–1954) The territory under the control of the Entente countries, created on the territory. modern Greece. Obrazovna as a result of the separation of part of the historical and geographical region of Western Thrace from Bulgaria by decision of the Treaty of Neuilly. Transferred to Greece "">
    WESTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE (AD 603–704) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the collapse of Turkic Khaganate. After the seizure of power by the tribes of the Türgesh, it ceased to exist and was transformed into the Türgesh Khaganate. The capital was Suyab">
    Казахстан Киргизия Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China) Россия (ПФО)(СибФО)(УФО)(ЮФО) Туркмения Узбекистан" "
    WESTERN UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (AD 1918, November - 1919, January) State, self-proclaimed. Educated on the territory modern Ukriny as a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary. It became part of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The capital is Kyiv. "">
    WESTERN WEI (AD 535–557) State, monarchy. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the division of the state of Northern Wei. Was replaced by the state of Northern Zhou. Capital - Pingcheng">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    WESTERN ZHOU (1045–771 BC) Ancient kingdom. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the overthrow of the Shang dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou era. Replaced by the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Capital - Fenghao">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    WESTERN-KARAKHANID KHANATE (AD 1040–1212) State, feudal, monarchical. Originated on the territory modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the collapse of the Karakhanid state. From 1089 - vassal of the Seljuk state. The capital is Samarkand. Conquered by the State of Khorezmshakho. "">
    WESTPHALIA (AD 1807–1813) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Westphalia). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of secession from Prussia. Member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Divided between Prussia and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel. Capital - Kassel "">
    WEYI (1000–396 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchical. Founded by the Etruscans on the territory. modern Italy. He was a member of the Union of 12 city-states of Etruria. Destroyed by the Roman Republic "">
    WOGODOGO (AD 1182-1895) State, kingdom. Formed on the territory of modern Burkina Faso by the Mossi people. As a result of the establishment of the protectorate of France, it became part of French West Africa (Fr.). Capital - Ouagadougou">
    WU (AD 222-280) Ancient kingdom of the era of the Three Kingdoms. Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of separation from the Wei kingdom. It became part of the Jin state. Capital - Wuhang">
    Württemberg (AD 1806–1871) State, monarchical (Kingdom of Württemberg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire and the transformation of the Electorate of Württemberg. In 1806-1813 - a member of the Confederation of the Rhine, in 1815-1866 - a member of the German Confederation. Became part of a united Germany. Capital - Stuttgart "">
    WURZBURG (AD 1806–1814) State, monarchical (Grand Duchy of Würzburg). Formed on the territory modern Germany as a result of the liquidation of the Holy Roman Empire (formed as part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805). In 1806-1813 he was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. It became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Capital - Würzburg "">
    WUSUN (177–7 BC) State, slave-owning, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan as a result of the resettlement of the nomadic Wusun tribe from Xinjiang (Eastern China) to Semirechie. It ceased to exist as a result of the resettlement of Wusun in the Aral Sea area. Capital - Chugucheng">
    Казахстан Киргизия PRC (People's Republic Of China)

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    Историческая справка

    Страна
    XI XIA (AD 1038–1227) State, monarchy (Xi Xia Empire). Educated on the territory of modern PRC as a Tangut state. Conquered by the Mongol Empire. Capital - Yinchuan">
    Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    XIA (2070-1600 BC) Legendary dynasty (state). Formed on the territory of modern PRC and ruled in ancient China. Power passed to the Shang dynasty Capital - Yangcheng">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    XIN (AD 9-23) Ancient state (Xin Empire). Formed on the territory of modern PRC as a result of the transfer of power from the Han dynasty. Power returned to the Han dynasty (Eastern Han. Capital - Chang'an">
    PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    YADAVAS (AD 1189–1317) The state, feudal, monarchical. Arose in the territory of India after the collapse of the Western Chalukyas. Capital - Devagiri. Conquered the Delhi Sultanate ">
    YAMHAD (1800–1280 BC) State, slaveholding, monarchist. It was located on the territory. modern Syria. Educated by the Amorites. The capital is Halab (modern Aleppo). Destroyed by the Hittites. "">
    Yaroslavl principality (yoke) (AD 1364–1463) State, feudal, Slavic. Vassal of the Golden Horde. Originated on the territory modern Russia as a result of separation from the Vladimir principality (yoke). Attached to the Moscow principality. Capital - Yaroslavl "">
    YEMEN (AD 897–1173},{AD 1229–1546},{AD 1635–1872},{1918–) State Muslim (until 1962 Imamate, then the kingdom, republic since 1962). (Arose in the territory of Yemen as a result of separation from the Abbasid Caliphate. Conquered by State of Ayyubid},{Restore the independence. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire},{Restore the independence. Conquered by the Ottoman Empire},{Restore the independence). Capital — Sana">
    YIFAT (AD 1285-1415) State, monarchy (Sultanate of Yifat). Formed on the territory of modern Somalia on the Harar plateau. Conquered by the Adal Sultanate. Capital - Saila">
    YUAN DYNASTY (AD 1271–1368) State, monarchical. Originated in the territory of modern Mongolia as a result of the establishment in Mongol Empire of power grandson of Genghis Khan Khan Khubilai. Converted to the Great Ming Empire as a result of the uprising of the Red Bandages. The capital was Khanbaliq">
    Россия (ДФО)(СибФО) KPDR (Korean People's Democratic Republic) Mongolia PRC (People's Republic Of China)
    YUGOSLAVIA (AD 1929–1941}, {1945–2003) State, socialist (since 1945), republic (since 1945). (It was formed on the territory of modern Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of the renaming of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (until 1941 - the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). It ceased to exist as a result of the occupation by Germany and Italy and the proclamation on the territory of modern. Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina of the Independent State of Croatia},{Recreated as a result of liberation from German and Italian occupation (from 1945 - Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, from 1946 - Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY), from 1963 - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), since 1992 - the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY. Renamed to Serbia and Montenegro). Capital - Belgrade "">
    ZAIRE (AD 1971-1997) The state, capitalist. Formed on the territory of modern DR Congo as a result of renaming Congo (Kinshasa). Capital - Kinshasa">
    ZAKHUMIE (AD 850–917) State, feudal, monarchical (principality). Originated on the territory modern Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of separation from the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Capital - undefined "">
    ZAKROS (1900–1750 BC) City-state. It originated during the Minoan civilization on the territory. O. Crete (modern Greece). Conquered by Knossos. (Zakros is the modern name of the city-state, the real name is unknown) "">
    ZAMBIA (AD 1964–) Capitalist state (Republic of Zambia). Formed on the territory of modern Zambia as a result of the proclamation of independence, the possession of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Brit.) and its partition into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia. Capital - Lusaka">
    ZANKLA (730–493 BC) City-state, slaveholding, monarchist. Founded by the ancient Greeks on the territory. modern Italy (O. Sicily). Renamed to Messana "">
    ZANZIBAR (AD 1963– 1964) State (until January 1964 - Sultanate of Zanzibar; from January to April 1964 People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba). Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of Zanzibar's independence (Brit.). It merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. Capital - Zanzibar">
    ZANZIBAR (Brit.) (AD 1861-1963) Possession of Great Britain, protectorate (Sultanate of Zanzibar). Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of separation from the colony of Muscat and Oman (Brit.). The independence of Zanzibar is proclaimed. Capital - Zanzibar">
    ZANZIBAR (Oman) (AD 1698-1820) Possession of the Sultanate of Oman. Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the conquest of the island of Zanzibar by the Sultanate of Oman. It became part of the colony of Muscat and Oman (Brit.). Capital - Zanzibar">
    ZANZIBAR (Port.) (AD 1505-1698) Possession of Portugal. Formed on the territory of modern Tanzania as a result of the Portuguese conquest of the island of Zanzibar. Conquered by the Sultanate of Oman. Capital - Zanzibar">
    ZAPOTEC CIVILIZATION (700 BC - AD 1522) One of the oldest civilizations that arose on the territory of Mexico. Conquered Spain, it was a part of New Spain. Capitals - Monte Albán (700 BC - AD 700), Mitla (AD 700-1400), Zaachila-Yoo (AD 1400-1522)">
    ZETA (AD 1356–1402) State, feudal, monarchical (Principality of Zeta). Originated on the territory modern Montenegro as a result of separation from the Serbian kingdom. It became part of the Serbian despotism. Capital - Podgorica "">
    ZIMBABWE (AD 1980–) Capitalist state (Republic of Zimbabwe). Formed on the territory of modern Zimbabwe as a result of the declaration of independence of Southern Rhodesia (Brit.). Capital - Harare">
    АПУЛИЯ И СИЦИЛИЯ (AD 1130–1282) Государство, феодальное, монархическое. Зародилось на терр. совр. Италии в результате объединения Герцогство Апулия и Калабрия и Графства Сицилия. Столица — Палермо. После отделения Неаполитанского Королевства переименовано в Королевство Сицилия">
    БЕЛЬГИЯ (AD 1830–1914},{1918–1940},{1944–) Государство, капиталлистическое (Королевство Бельгия). (Зародилось на терр. совр. Бельгии в результате отделения от Нидерландов. Оккупировано Германией},{Восстановлено. Оккупировано Германией},{Восстановлено). Столица — Брюссель">
    РИМСКАЯ ИМПЕРИЯ (27 BC – AD 395) Государство, рабовладельческое, монархическое. Образовано на терр. совр. Италии в результате установления монархии в Римской республике. Столица — Рим. Разделилась на Западную Римскую Империю и Восточную Римскую Империю.">